东北黑土区坡耕地土壤团聚体稳定性与结构特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2020.06.006

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摘要表层土壤团聚体稳定性对坡面土壤侵蚀过程具有重要影响。应用Le Bissonnais （LB）法和电镜扫描（SEM）对我国东北典型黑土区雨季前坡耕地表层（0~1 cm）与亚表层（1~10 cm）土壤团聚体稳定性和结构特征进行分析，以期为坡面水蚀防治提供理论支持。结果表明：在快速湿润（FW）、慢速湿润（SW）和机械振荡（ST）3种处理下表层土壤团聚体平均质量直径（MWD）均显著低于亚表层，且整体呈MWD_FW < MWD_SW < MWD_ST的趋势。黑土团聚体的主要破碎机制为"气爆"作用引发的消散作用，其次为黏粒膨胀作用；MWD_FW可作为黑土团聚体稳定性的主要评价指标。FW处理下土壤团聚体主要向<0.2 mm粒级转化，表层土壤团聚体的转化比例大于亚表层土壤团聚体；SW和ST处理下土壤团聚体主要向>0.2 mm粒级转化，表层土壤团聚体的转化比例小于亚表层土壤团聚体。土壤团聚体MWD与SEM孔隙率呈显著负相关，而与土壤有机质量分数（SOM）呈显著正相关（P<0.05）。SOM对典型黑土团聚体稳定性有促进作用，黏粒质量分数和团聚体孔隙度在一定程度上降低了土壤团聚体稳定性。

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	梁春林
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关键词 ： Le Bissonnais法, 团聚体稳定性, SEM, 典型黑土区

Abstract：[Background] As an important grain production base in China, the black soil area of Northeast(NE) China suffers from serious soil erosion. Soil aggregate stability has profound impact on soil erosion processes. To compare the susceptibility of soil aggregates for surface/subsoil, different aggregate breakdown mechanisms should be considered. The objectives of this study were to assess the variations between surface soil and subsoil aggregate stability under different breakdown mechanisms, and to quantify changes of the micro-structural characteristics, provide theoretical basis for soil erosion control of slope farmland during rainy season. [Methods] Based on line-transect sampling, six typical slopes were selected as the research areas in the black soil region of NE China. Seventy-two top-surface (0-1 cm) and subsoil (1-10 cm) of undisturbed soil samples were collected from ridges and ditches on the typical slopes randomly. Soil aggregate stability was determined by Le Bissonnais (LB) method, including fast wetting (FW), slow wetting (SW) and stirring (ST) treatments, and structural characteristics were observed by scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, soil organic matter (SOM), cation exchange capacity (CEC), soil mechanical composition and pH were determined separately, to clarify the stability and structural differences of surface soil and subsoil aggregate. [Results] 1) The soil texture of each typical slope was loam, and the clay content was 15.6%-20%; CEC varied from 19.8 to 44.2 cmol/kg, and the surface soil was slightly higher than the subsoil. The average value of SOM in surface soil is 31.48 g/kg, which is lower than 40.78 g/kg in subsoil. The porosity of soil aggregates in the surface soil is slightly higher than that in the subsoil, but there is no significant difference. 2) Soil aggregates in FW treatment were mainly converted to <0.2 mm particle size, and the conversion ratio of surface soil was 62.6%-76.2%, and that of subsoil<50%;. After SW treatment, soil aggregate was mainly converted to>0.2 mm particle size, and the conversion ratio of subsoil was 1.11-5.69 times that of the surface soil. After ST treatment, the subsoil aggregate>5 mm particle size accounted for 65%, and the surface soil was 39.8%. 3) The SEM area porosity of soil aggregates varied from 7.43% to 23%, and the porosity of the surface soil aggregates was higher than that of the subsoil aggregates. Under FW treatment, soil aggregates with high porosity tended to be breakdown; the lower the SOM and CEC were, the higher the soil aggregate porosity was. Compared with subsoil aggregates, surface soil aggregates had more porosity and larger average area. [Conclusions] 1) The subsoil aggregate stability is significantly higher than that of the surface soil, and represents the order as MWD_FW < MWD_SW < MWD_ST. 2) There is a significant positive correlation between MWD and SOM of soil aggregates, and shows a significant negative correlation with soil porosity. MWD_FW can be used as a key indicator for the stability of black soil aggregates. 3) The stability of soil aggregates in typical black soil area is mainly determined by pore size and quantity.

Key words： Le Bissonnais method soil aggregate stability scanning electron microscope typical black soil area

收稿日期: 2019-11-18

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家重点研发计划"坡面复合侵蚀的水土保持措施防蚀机理"（2016YFE0202900）；国家自然科学基金"黑土坡耕地冻融—水力复合侵蚀动力过程与量化表征"（41977060）

通讯作者: 王彬(1983-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:水土保持与土壤侵蚀。E-mail:wangbin1836@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: wangbin1836@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 梁春林(1995-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀。E-mail:631946951@qq.com

引用本文:

梁春林, 王彬, 张文龙. 东北黑土区坡耕地土壤团聚体稳定性与结构特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(6): 43-52.
LIANG Chunlin, WANG Bin, ZHANG Wenlong. Stability and structural characteristics of soil aggregates on sloping farmland in black soil region, Northeast China. SSWC, 2020, 18(6): 43-52.

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