Abstract：[Background] Vegetation and its changes are not only important metrics for the effects of regional climate and human factors on the environment but are also of great importance to hydrological, ecological and global changes. Vegetation coverage change is a synergic result of environmental impacts, and it can be considered as an important basis for regionally ecological environment and soil erosion monitoring. Shaanxi is one of the earliest provinces implementing the Grain for Green Project (GGP). The analysis of spatio-temporal variation of NDVI and its quantitative relationship with environmental factors is an effective way to evaluate the benefits of GGP on soil and water conservation in the past 20 years.[Methods] Based on the data of MODIS NDVI, this study carried out the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of NDVI in long time series (2000-2016) and multi-period phase (year, season and month) since the application of GGP in Shaanxi province, and the quantitative analysis of the contribution of each factor using RDA method was conducted.[Results] 1) The spatial variation of NDVI in Shaanxi province gradually decreased from south to north. The average NDVI ranged from 0.80 to 0.93 in Qinba mountain area, and ranged from 0.60 to 0.80 in Guanzhong plain area as well as it ranged from 0.40 to 0.60 in the Loess Plateau area. From 2000 to 2016, the average annual value of NDVI fluctuant increased from 0.41 to 0.51 with the 25.8% increment in the whole Shaanxi province. 2) Specially, timely NDVI increment and the coefficient variation (CV) showed as Loess Plateau > Guanzhong plain > Qinba mountain area, which was consistent with the implement area of GGP mostly distributed in the Loess Plateau area. 3) Seasonally, the highest NDVI was in the summer with the average NDVI value of 0.66, followed by autumn and spring, and the lowest was in winter with an average NDVI value of 0.32. Due to vegetation change over seasons, the photosynthetic rate of vegetation was higher in July and August, and the peak of NDVI appeared in this period. 4) In the first half year, NDVI showed a monthly increasing trend, and reversed in the second half year. The spatial and temporal variation of NDVI was the result of the synthesized influence of multi-dimensional factors such as geographical location, climate, and topography. The total interpretation ability of environmental factors to NDVI variation reached 62%, among which the factors that had significant influence on NDVI variability were precipitation, latitude, slope and air temperature, the interpretation degree was 28.34%, 28.12%, 23.83% and 9.44%, respectively.[Conclusions] The implement of the GGP project has significantly increased the vegetation coverage in the past 16 years which is evidently beneficial to the soil and water conservation. And the natural factors are responsible for the spatial variation and anthropogenic factors are responsible for the temporal variation.
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2020, Vol. 18 
