Spatial-temporal variation of vegetation in Qingshui RiverBasin, Zhangjiakou
LIN Xingna, NIU Jianzhi, JIA Jingwei, LUO Ziteng, DU Jie
1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;
2. Northwest Agriculture and Forestry University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China
Abstract：[Background] Vegetation as the natural link between soil, atmosphere and water, plays an essential role in soil erosion control, water resource regulation, water quality improvement, regional microclimate improvement and soil and water conservation function. Qingshui River Basin is located in Chongli County, which is one of the host cities of 2022 Winter Olympics. But the region has a special geologic structure with a lot of gravels, and faces other problems like soil erosion and water shortage, which cause a low afforestation survival rate. Therefore, it is of great significance to study the change of vegetation coverage and its driving factors for local vegetation recovery and water and soil conservation.[Methods] Based on the meteorological data and SPOT vegetation NDVI data of 1999-2015 in the upstream basin of Qingshui River, Zhangjiakou, we studied the temporal and spatial variation of vegetation coverage of the study area in 1999-2015. Using the methods of trend analysis and partial correlation analysis, we analyzed the driving factors of NDVI changes combining NDVI and RUE with the precipitation data, temperature data and land use map in the study area.[Results] 1) The NDVI in the upper reaches of Qingshui River Basin is between 0.3 and 0.9 during 1999 to 2015. The NDVI values between different land uses from large to small are successively open forest land, forest, shrub land, grass land, dryland, towns and rural areas, and bottomland. And the vegetation coverage in the study area has a strong spatial distribution and decreased gradually from east to west. 2) The NDVI of the study area fluctuated continuously and had an upward trend during 1999 to 2015. The study showed 85% of the study area was vegetation-improved area, 8.5% of which was obviously improved area and 71.6% was moderately improved area. 3) The results of partial correlation analysis between the annual precipitation, annual average temperature and NDVI of each pixel in 1999-2015 showed that the area in which the annual precipitation and NDVI were significantly related accounted for 1.36% and the annual average temperature and NDVI were not significantly related. 4) Annual precipitation affects the fluctuation of annual NDVI and was also the decisive factor of vegetation spatial distribution in the study area. 5) Combining NDVI and RUE, the results showed that 69% of the study area was moderately positive interference area, and 16% was strongly positive interference area, and 14% was no obvious interference area.[Conclusions] In the Qingshui River Basin, both climate change and human activity influenced the change of vegetation coverage. The main driving factor of vegetation change in the study area in 1999-2015 was human activity, which was mainly positive to vegetation improvement. The climate factors greatly influenced the fluctuation of vegetation and limited to the change range of vegetation improvement, which made the spatial distribution of vegetation changed hardly, while the vegetation changed yearly was driven by human activity.
SUN Hongyu, WANG Changyao, NIU Zheng, et al. Analysis of the vegetation cover change and the relationship between NDVI and environmental factors by using NOAA time series data[J]. Journal of Remote Sensing, 1998, 266(2):153.
[2]
崔林丽, 史军, 肖风劲, 等. 中国东部NDVI的变化趋势及其与气候因子的相关分析[J]. 资源科学, 2010,32(1):124. CUI Linli, SHI Jun, XIAO Fengjing, et al. Variation trends in vegetation NDVI and its correlation with climatic factors in eastern China[J]. Resources Science, 2010, 32(1):124.
[3]
李春晖, 杨志峰. 黄河流域NDVI时空变化及其与降水/径流关系[J]. 地理研究, 2004,23(6):753. LI Chunhui, YANG Zhifeng. Spatio-temporal changes of NDVI and their relations with precipitation and runoff in the Yellow River Basin[J]. Geographical Research, 2004, 23(6):753.
[4]
贾艳红, 赵传燕, 南忠仁. 西北干旱区黑河下游植被覆盖变化研究综述[J]. 地理科学进展, 2007,26(4):64. JIA Yanhong, ZHAO Chuanyan, NAN Zhongren. Review of study on vegetation cover change in the lower reaches of Heihe River in Northwest China arid area[J]. Progress in Geography, 2007, 26(4):64.
[5]
ZHAO Maosheng, FU Congbin, YAN Xiaodong, et al. Study on the relationship between different ecosystems and climate in China using NOAA/AVHRR data[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2001,56(3):287.
[6]
王永财, 孙艳玲, 王中良. 1998-2011年海河流域植被覆盖变化及气候因子驱动分析[J]. 资源科学, 2014, 36(3):594. WANG Yongcai, SUN Yanling, WANG Zhognliang. Spatial-temporal change in vegetation cover and climate factor drivers of variation in the Haihe River Basin 1998-2011[J]. Resources Science, 2014, 36(3):594.
[7]
杨绍锷, 廖雪萍, 谭裕模,等. 广西近十年植被NDVI变化及其对降水的响应特征分析[J]. 西南农业学报, 2013, 26(2):766. YANG Shaoe, LIAO Xueping, TAN Yumo, et al. Analysis of Guangxi vegetation NDVI variations and response to precipitation in recent decade[J]. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2013, 26(2):766.
[8]
朱源, 王志, 彭光雄. 基于SPOT-NDVI的贺兰山植被覆盖的时空变化研究[J]. 遥感技术与应用, 2012, 27(1):142. ZHU Yuan, WANG Zhi, PENG Guangxiong. The temporal and spatial changes of vegetation cover on Helan ranges based on SPOT-NDVI[J]. Remote Sensing Technology and Application, 2012, 27(1):142.
[9]
YANG Shengtian, ZHOU Xu, LIU Xiaoyan, et al. Impacts of land use on vegetation coverage in the rich and coarse sediment area of Yellow River Basin[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2014, 69(1):31.
[10]
刘军会, 高吉喜. 气候和土地利用变化对中国北方农牧交错带植被覆盖变化的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008,19(9):2016. LIU Junhui, GAO Jixi. Effects of climate and land use change on the changes of vegetation coverage in farming-pastoral ecotone of Northern China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(9):2016.
[11]
POCCARD Y R I. RICHARD Y, POCCARD I. A statistical study of NDVI sensitivity to seasonal and interannual rainfall variations in Southern Africa[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 1998, 19(15):2907.
[12]
SCANLON T M, ALBERTSON J D, CAYLOR K K, et al. Determining land surface fractional cover from NDVI and rainfall time series for a savanna ecosystem[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 2002, 82(2/3):376.
[13]
陈晓光, 李剑萍, 李志军, 等. 青海湖地区植被覆盖及其与气温降水变化的关系[J]. 中国沙漠, 2007,27(5):797. CHEN Xiaoguang, LI Jianping LI Zhijun, et al. Vegetation Coverage and Its Relation with Climate Change in Qinghai Lake Area[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2007, 27(5):797.
[14]
武永利, 李智才, 王云峰, 等. 山西典型生态区植被指数(NDVI)对气候变化的响应[J]. 生态学杂志, 2009,28(5):925. WU Yongli, LI Zhicai, WANG Yunfeng, et al. Responses of vegetation index (NDVI) in typical ecological areas of Shanxi Province to climate change[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2009, 28(5):925.
[15]
李锦荣, 孙保平, 凌侠, 等. 退耕还林工程前后土地利用与植被盖度动态变化研究:以安塞县为例[J]. 内蒙古农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2010,31(3):130. LI Jinrong, SUN Baoping, LING Xia, et al. Study on land use and dynamic changes of vegetation cover in and after the project of returning farmland to forests:taking the Ansai County as example[J]. Journal of Inner Mongolia Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2010,31(3):130.
[16]
毛德华, 王宗明, 宋开山, 等. 东北多年冻土区植被NDVI变化及其对气候变化和土地覆被变化的响应[J]. 中国环境科学, 2011,31(2):283. MAO Dehua, WANG Zongming, SONG Kaishan, et al. The vegetation NDVI variation and its responses to climate change and LUCC from 1982 to 2006 year in northeast permafrost region[J]. China Environmental Science, 2011, 31(2):283.
[17]
IMMERZEEL W W, QUIROZ R A. Understanding precipitation patterns and land use interaction in Tibet using harmonic analysis of SPOT VGT-S10 NDVI time series[J]. International Journal of Remote Sensing, 2005, 26(11):2281.
[18]
WANG Fei, WANG Xuan, ZHAO Ying, et al. Correlation analysis of NDVI dynamics and hydro-meteorological variables in growth period for four land use types of a water scarce area[J]. Earth Science Informatics, 2014,7(3):187.
[19]
刘斌, 孙艳玲, 王中良,等. 华北地区植被覆盖变化及其影响因子的相对作用分析[J]. 自然资源学报, 2015(1):12. LIU Bin, SUN Yanling, WANG Zhongliang, et al. Analysis of the vegetation cover change and the relative role of Its influencing factors in North China[J]. Journal of Natural Resources, 2015, 30(1):12.
[20]
李辉霞, 刘国华, 傅伯杰. 基于NDVI的三江源地区植被生长对气候变化和人类活动的响应研究[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(19):5495. LI Huixia, LIU Guohua, FU Bojie. Response of vegetation to climate change and human activity based on NDVI in the Three-River Headwaters region[C]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(19):5495.
[21]
穆少杰, 李建龙, 陈奕兆,等. 2001-2010年内蒙古植被覆盖度时空变化特征[J]. 地理学报, 2012, 67(9):1255. MU Shaojie, LI Jianlong, CHEN Yizhao, et al. Spatial differences of variations of vegetation coverage in Inner Mongolia during 2001-2010[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2012, 67(9):1255.
[22]
彭飞, 王涛, 薛娴. 基于RUE的人类活动对沙漠化地区植被影响研究:以科尔沁地区为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2010, 30(4):896. PENG Fei, WANG Tao, XUE Xian. Study of human impact on vegetation in desertified regions based on rainfall use efficiency:a case of Horqin region, Inner Mongolia[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2010, 30(4):896.
[23]
李辉霞, 周红艺, 魏兴琥. 基于RUE和NDVI的人类活动对植被干扰强度分析:以桂西北为例[J]. 中国沙漠, 2014, 34(3):927. LI Huixia, ZHOU Hongyi, WEI Xinghu. Analysis of the impact of human disturbance on vegetation based on RUE and NDVI:a case study in Northwest Guangxi, China[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2014, 34(3):927.
[24]
侯美英. 抓好清水河上游综合治理建设生态宜居城市——张家口市清水河上游水土保持综合治理措施浅析[J]. 中国化工贸易, 2013(12):333. HOU Meiying. Grasp the comprehensive management of the upper reaches of Qingshui River and build an ecological livable city. Analysis of comprehensive measures for soil and water conservation in the upper reaches of Zhangjiakou, Qingshui River.[J]. chemical industry of China, 2013(12):333.
[25]
刘三龙. 清水河张家口以上流域径流变化分析[C]. 中国水利学会2010学术年会, 贵阳, 2010:215. LIU Sanlong. Runoff variation analysis over Zhangjiakou basin in Qingshui River[C]. Proceedings of the 2010 Annual Conference of China Society of water conservancy, Guiyang, 2010:215.
[26]
李晓兵, 王瑛, 李克让. NDVI对降水季节性和年际变化的敏感性[J]. 地理学报, 2000, 55(b11):82. LI XiaoBing, WANG Ying, LI Kerang. NDVI Sensitivity to Seasonal and Interannual Rainfall Variations in Northern China[J]. Acta Geographica Sinica, 2000,55(b11):82.
[27]
刘振元, 张杰, 陈立. 青藏高原植被指数最新变化特征及其与气候因子的关系[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017, 22(3):289. LIU Zhenyuan, ZHANG Jie, CHEN Li. The latest change in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau vegetation index and its relationship with climate factors[J]. Climatic & Environmental Research, 2017, 22(3):289.
[28]
赖程艳. 生态城镇建设中植被的配置[J]. 经济技术协作信息, 2011(9):111. LAI Chengyan. Configuration of vegetation in the ecological construction[J]. Economic and Technological Cooperation Information, 2011(9):111.
[29]
蒋轩, 周坚华. 针对分层分类和多描述符空间的城镇植被群分类[J]. 遥感信息, 2015(2):43. JIANG Xun, ZHOU Jianhua, Classification of urban vegetation population through hierarchical classification in multi-descriptor space[J]. Remote Sensing Information, 2015(2):43.
[30]
班富孝. 清水河流域水文特性[J]. 南水北调与水利科技, 2000(1):11. BAN Fuxiao. Hydrological characteristics of Qingshui River Basin[J]. South to North Water Transfer and water conservancy science and technology, 2000(1):11.
[31]
班富孝. 清水河流域上游水土流失及其治理措施探讨[J]. 地下水, 2010, 32(3):171. BAN Fuxiao. Study on soil erosion and its control measures in the upper reaches of Qingshui River Basin[J]. Groundwater, 2010, 32(3):171.
2018, Vol. 16 
