伊犁河谷5种土壤管理措施减流减沙效果分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.03.007

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要伊犁河谷区域水力侵蚀等级中等偏强，分析土壤管理措施的减流减沙效果为土地资源的可持续利用和防治水土流失提供参考。本文采用野外人工模拟降雨试验，研究在10、20和36 mm/h 3种降雨强度条件下裸地、角果藜覆盖、木地肤覆盖、鱼鳞坑、水平沟等5种典型土壤管理措施的产流产沙过程，并分析比较不同土壤管理措施的减流减沙效果。结果表明：不同降雨强度下，裸地初始产流时间最短，水平沟未产流；降雨强度是影响产流产沙的关键因素之一，径流速率和含沙量随降雨强度的增大而增大；减流减沙效果由高到低的顺序为：水平沟 > 木地肤覆盖 > 鱼鳞坑 > 角果藜覆盖 > 裸地，木地肤覆盖、鱼鳞坑措施减沙效果明显。水平沟、木地肤覆盖措施减流减沙效果较好，可以在该区域防治水土流失中推广应用。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	李晓原
	张文太
	李建贵
	仲亚婷
	苏悦
	赵婧文

关键词 ：土壤管理, 降雨强度, 径流速率, 含沙量, 减流减沙

Abstract：[Background] The grade of water erosion is moderately strong in Ili Valley of Xinjiang. This work aims to explore the effects of different soil management measures on runoff and sediment reduction, and to provide sustainable utilization of land resources and effective measurement of soil and water conservation. [Methods] Artificial rainfall simulation experiments with 3 rainfall intensities (20 mm/h, 10 mm/h and 36 mm/h), 5 soil management measures (bare land, Ceratocarpus arenarius L. covered, Kochia prostrate (L.) Schrad. covered, fish scale pit, and horizontal ditch), and totally 15 times of experiments were conducted to analyze runoff and sediment process in the field. Meanwhile, with Excel 2007 and SPSS 19.0, we analyzed the relationship between sediment concentration and runoff rate, and compared the effects of runoff and sediment reduction under different rainfall intensities. [Results] The initial runoff time of bare land was so short that suffered rainfall erosion easily, while runoff of horizontal ditch was never happened under 3 artificial rainfall simulations. Although C. arenarius L. covered measure did not produce runoff under 20 mm/h rainfall intensity, there was runoff when the rainfall intensity was 10 mm/h. The reason for this phenomenon was due to higher antecedent soil moisture for the second rain, i.e., 10 mm/h rainfall. The runoff rate and sediment concentration increased as rainfall intensity increased for all experiments. By using linear regression analysis in SPSS 19.0, we found that the relationship between the sediment concentrations and the runoff rates under the measures of bare land, C. arenarius L. covered, K. prostrate (L.) Schrad. covered and fish scale pit were all linearly significant. And we did not obtain the data of horizontal ditch because it was never happened runoff under 3 rainfall intensities. However, the sediment concentration decreased with the increase of the runoff rate under K. prostrate (L.) Schrad. covered measure. Sediment and runoff reduction of all measures listed in the following order:horizontal ditch > K. prostrate (L.) Schrad. covered > fish scale pit > C. arenarius L. covered > bare land. Therefore, the measures of fish scale pit and K. prostrate (L.) Schrad. covered showed more obvious effects on runoff and sediment reduction than the other soil management measures. [Conclusions] This study demonstrated that the measures of horizontal ditch and K. prostrate (L.) Schrad. covered effectively reduced runoff rate and sediment concentration in Ili Valley of Xinjiang and should be applied in soil and water conservation in this area.

Key words： soil management rainfall intensity runoff rate sediment concentration runoff and sediment reduction

收稿日期: 2016-12-22

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家科技支撑计划项目"伊犁河谷水土流失综合治理技术研发与示范"（2014BAC15B03）

通讯作者: 张文太(1984-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:水土保持与土壤资源。E-mail:zwt@xjau.edu.cn E-mail: zwt@xjau.edu.cn

作者简介: 李晓原(1991-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:水土流失规律。E-mail:kunyuan91@126.com

引用本文:

李晓原¹, 张文太², 李建贵¹, 仲亚婷³, 苏悦², 赵婧文². 伊犁河谷5种土壤管理措施减流减沙效果分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(3): 51-57.
LI Xiaoyuan, ZHANG Wentai, LI Jiangui, ZHONG Yating, SU Yue, ZHAO Jingwen. Effects of five soil management measures on runoff and sediment reduction in Ili Valley of Xinjiang. SSWC, 2017, 15(3): 51-57.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.03.007 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2017/V15/I3/51

[1]	刘宝元, 郭索彦, 李智广, 等. 中国水力侵蚀抽样调查[J]. 中国水土保持, 2013, 10:26. LIU Baoyuan, GUO Suoyan, LI Zhiguang. Sampling survey of hydraulic erosion[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2013, 10:26.
[2]	史银志, 雷晓云. 基于人工模拟降雨的土壤侵蚀特性试验研究[J]. 石河子大学学报(自然科学版), 2008, 26(4):487. SHI Yinzhi, LEI Xiaoyun. Experimental study on the soil erosion of North Brae in Yining based on artificial simulation of rainfall[J]. Journal of Shihezi University(Natural Science), 2008, 26(4):487.
[3]	李小华, 曹月娥, 杨建军. 人工模拟降雨条件下伊犁河流域黄土区土壤侵蚀试验分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2016, 30(1):36. LI Xiaohua, CAO Yuee, YANG Jianjun. Experimental analysis of soil erosion in the loess area of Ili River Basin under artificial simulation of rainfall[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 30(1):36.
[4]	朱元骏, 邵明安. 含砾石土壤降雨入渗过程模拟[J]. 水科学进展, 2010, 21(6):779. ZHU Yuanjun, SHAO Ming'an. Simulaton of rainfall in filtration in stony soil[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2010, 21(6):779.
[5]	夏振尧, 梁永哲, 张雪娇, 等. 植被对含碎石土壤坡面产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(3):92. XIA Zhenyao, LIANG Yongzhe, ZHANG Xuejiao, et al. Effect of vegetation on runoff and sediment yield of soil slope[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3):92.
[6]	樊登星, 余新晓, 贾国栋. 北京山区灌草坡面水土流失特征及其影响因素[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2014, 12(2):24. FAN Dengxing, YU Xinxiao, JIA Guodong. Characteristics of soil and water loss and its influencing factors on slope scale in rocky mountain area of Beijing[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2014, 12(2):24.
[7]	张文源, 王百田, 杨光檄, 等. 喀斯特黄壤区侵蚀性降雨及产沙特征分析[J]. 生态环境学报, 2014, 23(11):1776. ZHANG Wenyuan, WANG Baitian, YANG Guangxi, et al. Erosive rainfall and characteristics analysis of sediment yield on yellow soil area in Karst Mountainous[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 2014, 23(16):1776.
[8]	李国会. 晋西黄土区农田水土流失防治措施水土保持效应研究[D]. 北京:中国林业科学研究院, 2013:124. LI Guohui. Study on soil and water conservation effect of agricultural soil and water loss prevention measures of loess plateau in western Shanxi[D]. Beijing:Chinese Academy of Forestry, 2013:124.
[9]	刘宇, 王瑄, 刘彦辰, 等. 不同水土保持措施对土石质山区减水减沙效果的影响[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2014, 45(4):11. LIU Yu, WANG Xuan, LIU Yanchen. The sediment and runoff reduction effect under the different soil and water conservation measures in the Earth-rock Mountains[J].Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2014, 45(4):11.
[10]	于国强, 李占斌, 裴亮, 等. 不同植被类型下坡面径流侵蚀产沙差异性[J]. 水土保持学报, 2012, 26(1):1. YU Guoqiang,LI Zhanbin,PEI Liang,et al. Difference of runoff-erosion-sediment yield under different vegetation type[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012, 26(1):1.
[11]	闫胜军, 郭青霞, 闫瑞, 等. 不同土地利用类型下水土流失特征及雨强关系分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 2:46. YAN Shengjun, GUO Qingxia, YAN Rui, et al. Relationship of rainfall intensity and the characteristics of soil and water erosion under different land use types[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 2:46.
[12]	霍云梅, 毕华兴, 朱永杰, 等. 模拟降雨条件下南方典型粘土坡面土壤侵蚀过程及其影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(4):24. HUO Yunmei, BI Huaxing, ZHU Yongjie, et al. Erosion process and its affecting factors of southern typical clay slope under simulated rainfall condition[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(4):24.
[13]	杨春霞, 李永丽, 李莉. 自然修复草被对坡面径流的阻滞作用研究[J]. 人民黄河, 2014, 36(8):94. YANG Chunxia, LI Yongli, LI Li. Delaying effects of ecological restoration grassland on the runoff[J]. Yellow River, 2014, 36(8):94.
[14]	李静苑, 蒲晓君, 郑江坤, 等. 整地与植被调整对紫色土区坡面产流产沙的影响[J]. 水土保持学报, 2015, 29(3):81. LI Jingwan, PU Xiaojun, ZHENG Jiangkun, et al. Effects of soil preparation and vegetation adjustment on slope runoff and sediment yield in purple soil region, northeastern Sichuan[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 29(3):81.
[15]	张旭昇, 薛天柱, 马灿, 等. 雨强和植被覆盖度对典型坡面产流产沙的影响[J]. 干旱区资源与环境, 2012, 26(6):66. ZHANG Xusheng, XUE Tianzhu, MA Can, et al. Impacts of rainfall intensity and grass coverage on runoff and sediment yield on typical sloping land[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2012, 26(6):66.