Spatial layout and regionalization of desert nature reserves
FAN Lin1, LIU Nan1, ZHAO Li1,2, JIANG Zixia3, LIU Huxiang1
1. Northwest Surveying, Planning Institute of National Forestry and Grassland Administration, Key Laboratory of National Forestry Administration on Ecological Hydrology and Disaster Prevention in Arid Regions, 710048, Xi'an, China; 2. School of Human Settlements and Civil Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, 710049, Xi'an, China; 3. Research Institute of Forestry Policy and Information, Chinese Academy of Forestry, 100091, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Desert nature reserves are important ecological security barriers in arid and semi-arid areas of Northwest China. However, the existing desert nature reserves are partially overlapped and unevenly distributed, and the important desert natural ecosystems and biological species have not been effectively protected. Therefore, this study aims to systematically investigate and divide the natural ecological protection space in China's deserts, scientifically identify the protection gaps of each natural geographical region, and optimize the spatial layout by zoning and grading, so as to provide a reference for the rational spatial layout of China's desert nature reserves and maintaining the stability of desert ecosystems.[Methods] Based on ArcGIS spatial analysis, mathematical statistics and GAP analysis, with China's terrestrial desert regions and current nature reserves as subjects, the natural protection in deserts was geographically divided, the key areas for the construction of nature reserves were identified, as well as the protection gaps and geographical units with low protection effectiveness in desert nature reserves were analyzed and evaluated through the division of current nature reserves, natural geographical areas and various relevant special divisions combined with the integrity of desert landform, the difference of desert vegetation distribution and the spatial layout of nature reserves. On this basis, the layout plan for China's desert nature reserves was optimized. [Results] 1) The natural protection of deserts was geographically divided into 5 zones, 17 sub-zones and 58 small zones. There were 23 protection gaps in the natural ecological protection space of the deserts. 2) The background data of 40 desert nature reserves in China were constructed, with a coverage of 41×106 hm2, accounting for 27.83% of the total area of the national nature reserves, accounting for 9.14% of the total area of the deserts in China, and protecting 9.89% of the important natural ecosystems in the deserts. 3) National desert nature reserves were mainly distributed in the Qiangtang Block of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, the Kunlun Mountains and the Alxa Block and Hexi Corridor of the Northwest Plateau-Basin, presenting a trend of higher land coverage in the west and lower in the east in each province. 4) The optimized layout plan for desert nature reserves in deserts was proposed. It was suggested that 15 desert nature reserves should be newly built firstly, 1 promoted, 2 merged, 2 cancelled and 7 conversed. After optimization, there were 45 desert nature reserves, with an area of 44.08×106 hm2. [Conclusions] The optimized layout will fill in or improve the protection proportion of 9 small nature reserves in China's deserts, increase the protection proportion of the deserts from 9.14% to 9.83%, and enhance the priority protection of desert ecosystems from 9.89% to 14.47%, which solves the contradictions of overlapping, unreasonable spatial layout and unclear protection targets of the nature reserves in the deserts. Moreover, it will improve the systematic protection of fragile desert ecosystems and national key protected wildlife.
吴承照,刘广宁.管理目标与国家自然保护地分类系统 [J].风景园林,2017(7):16.WU Chengzhao,LIU Guangning.Management objectives based on category system of national natural protected area in China [J].Landscape Architecture,2017(7):16.
[2]
唐小平,栾晓峰.构建以国家公园为主体的自然保护地体系 [J].林业资源管理,2017(6):8.TANG Xiaoping,LUAN Xiaofeng.Developing a nature protected area system composed mainly of national parks [J].Forest Resources Management,2017(6):8.
[3]
SOUTULLO A.Extent of the global network of terrestrial protected areas [J].Conservation Biology,2010,24(2):362.
[4]
BROOKS T,MITTERMEIER R,DA F G,et al.Global biodiversity conservation priorities[J].Science,2006,(5783):313.
[5]
HOPTON M E,MAYER A L.Using self-organizing maps to explore patterns in species richness and protection [J].Biodiversity and Conservation,2006,15(14):4477.
[6]
郭子良,李霄宇,崔国发.自然保护区体系构建方法研究进展 [J].生态学杂志,2013,32(8):2220.GUO Ziliang,LI Xiaoyu,CUI Guofa.Construction methods of nature reserve system:Research progress[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2013,32(8):2220.
[7]
欧阳志云,杜傲,徐卫华.中国自然保护地体系分类研究 [J].生态学报,2020,40(20):7207.OUYANG Zhiyun,DU Ao,XU Weihua.Research on China's protected area system classification [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2020,40(20):7207.
[8]
唐小平.中国自然保护区网络现状分析与优化设想 [J].生物多样性,2005,13(1):81.TANG Xiaoping.The current situation of nature reserve network analysis and optimization idea [J].Biodiversity Science,2005,13(1):81.
[9]
陈雅涵,唐志尧,方精云.中国自然保护区分布现状及合理布局的探讨 [J].生物多样性,2009,17(6):664.CHEN Yahan,TANG Zhirao,FANG Jingyun.Distribution of nature reserves and status of biodiversity protection in China [J].Biodiversity Science,2009,17(6):664.
[10]
李霄宇.国家级森林类型自然保护区保护价值评价及合理布局研究 [D].北京:北京林业大学,2011:123.LI Xiaoyu.Conservation value evaluation and reasonable distribution of national nature reserve for forest [D].Beijing:Beijing Forestry University,2011:123.
[11]
孙锐,崔国发,雷霆,等.湿地自然保护区保护价值评价方法 [J].生态学报,2013,33(6):1952.SUN Rui,CUI Guofa,LEI Ting,et al.An evaluation index system classifying the conservation value of wetland nature reserves based on AHP [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,33(6):1952.
[12]
朱磊,李燕楠,胡静,等.国家森林公园空间分布格局及其影响因素研究 [J].干旱区地理,2022,45(2):389.ZHU Lei,LI Yannan,HU Jing,et al.Spatial differentiation pattern and influencing factors of China National Forest Park [J].Arid Land Geography,2022,45(2):389.
[13]
刘方正,张建亮,王亮,等.甘肃安西极旱荒漠国家级自然保护区南片植被长势与保护成效 [J].生态学报,2016,36(6):1582.LIN Fangzheng,ZHANG Jianliang,WANG Liang,et al.Vegetation growth and conservation efficacy assessment in the southern Part of the Gansu Anxi National Nature Reserve in Hyper-Arid Desert [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2016,36(6):1582.
[14]
赵俊红,周华荣,卢雅焱,等.2000—2015年塔里木胡杨林国家级自然保护区NPP时空动态特征及其影响因素 [J].干旱区地理,2020,43(1):190.ZHAO Junhong,ZHOU Huarong,LU Yayan,et al.Temporal-spatial characteristics and influencing factors of the vegetation net primary production in the National Nature Reserve of Populus euphratica in Tarim from 2000 to 2015 [J].Arid Land Geography,2020,43(1):190.
[15]
杜军,周刊社,袁雷.1971—2018年西藏羌塘国家级自然保护区地表湿润指数的变化趋势 [J].中国水土保持科学,2021,19(4):13.DU Jun,ZHOU Kanshe,YUAN Lei.Climate change tendency of surface humidity index in Chang TangNature Reserve of Tibet from 1971 to 2018 [J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2021,19(4):13.
[16]
来婷婷,王乃昂,高翔,等.1990—2011年沙坡头自然保护区景观变化 [J].干旱区地理,2014,37(1):115.LAI Tingting,WANG Nai'ang,GAO Xiang,et al.Landscape change in the Shapotou Nature Reserve from 1990 to 2011 [J].Arid Land Geography,2014,37(1):115.
[17]
程磊磊,却晓娥,杨柳,等.中国荒漠生态系统:功能提升、服务增效 [J].中国科学院院刊,2020,35(6):690.CHENG Leilei,QUE Xiao'e,YANG Liu,et al.China's desert ecosystem:Functions rising and services enhancing [J].Chinese Academy of Sciences,2020,35(6):690.
[18]
卢琦,贾晓红.荒漠生态学 [M].北京:中国林业出版社,2019:189.LU Qi,JIA Xiaohong.Desert ecology [M].Beijing:Forestry Publishing in China,2019:189.
[19]
徐卫华.中国陆地生态系统自然保护区体系规划 [D].长沙:湖南农业大学,2002:53.XU Weihua.Terrestrial ecosystem nature reserve system planning in China [D].Changsha:Hunan Agricultural University,2002:53.
[20]
赵松乔.中国综合自然地理区划的一个新方案 [J].地理学报,1983,38(1):1.ZHAO Songqiao.A new scheme for comprehensive physical regionalization in China [J].Acta Geographica Sinica,1983,38(1):1.
[21]
傅伯杰,刘国华,陈利顶,等.中国生态区划方案 [J].生态学报,2001,21(1):1.FU Bojie,LIU Guohua,CHEN Liding,et al.Scheme of ecological regionalization in China [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2001,21(1):1.
[22]
张荣祖,李炳元,张豪禧,等.中国自然保护区区划系统研究 [M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2012:56.ZHANG Rongzu,LI Bingyuan,ZHANG Haoxi,et al.A study on the regionalization system of nature reserves in China [M].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2012:56.
[23]
郭子良,崔国发.中国自然保护综合地理区划 [J].生态学报,2014,34(5):1284.GUO Ziliang,CUI Guofa.The comprehensive geographical regionalization of China supporting natural conservation [J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(5):1284.
2023, Vol. 21 
