不同修复模式下排土场植被与土壤水热肥变化

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.03.011

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摘要于2019年在汝箕沟露天煤矿排土场设置不同修复模式，分析修复1年后生态袋拦挡（C-S）、蜂巢格室全铺（C-F）、植被毯覆盖（J-C）、植被毯覆盖+生态袋拦挡（J-S）、植被毯覆盖+蜂巢格室全铺（J-F）6种修复模式下植被与土壤水分、温度和养分状况。结果表明：1） CK （只有草籽无任何修复）、C-S、C-F、J-C、J-S、J-F下植被盖度分别为0、0、0、10.00%、19.67%和16.33%，其中J-S下植被盖度显著高于其余模式（P<0.05），植株高度主要与植物种类相关，盐生草、沙生冰草、胡枝子的植株高度分别集中在20.0、3.5和4.0 cm。盐生草和胡枝子的生长状况良好，而沙生冰草的生长状况不良；2）在观测期间，C-S、C-F、J-C、J-S、J-F下土壤含水量分别显著增加3.12%、3.86%、5.88%、6.66%、5.98%（P<0.05），C-S、C-F下土壤平均温度和日温差变化较小，J-C、J-S、J-F下土壤平均温度分别降低2.10、2.68、1.95 ℃，土壤日温差分别显著降低1.64、1.37、1.54 ℃（P<0.05）；不同模式下土壤pH和有机质含量变化较小，而土壤水解性氮和有效磷含量均显著下降（P<0.05）；J-C、J-S、J-F下土壤全氮含量分别显著提高8.11%、10.81%、8.11%（P<0.05），土壤速效钾含量分别显著提高54.22%、38.36%、64.97%（P<0.05）。在本研究设计的修复模式中，J-C、J-S、J-F下植被盖度、土壤水分、全氮和速效钾含量显著增加，其中J-S下植被盖度增量最大。

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	张俊娇
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	刘小勇
	刘秉儒

关键词 ：修复模式, 植被恢复, 土壤水热肥, 露天煤矿排土场

Abstract：[Background] It is necessary to carry out vegetation restoration through manual intervention in open-pit coal mine dumps of arid areas, while vegetation, soil water, temperature and nutrient are important indicators to evaluate the effectiveness of restoration. Therefore, the changes of above indicators under different remediation modes are analyzed to provide reference for vegetation restoration in open-pit coal mine dump.[Methods] Five modes of ecological bag block (C-S), honeycomb lattice room full cover (C-F), vegetation blanket cover (J-C), vegetation blanket cover + ecological bag block (J-S) and vegetation blanket cover + honeycomb lattice room full cover (J-F) were set in Rujigou open-pit coal mine dump, CK was the plot with only grass seeds sowed without any renediation and vegetation, soil water, temperature and nutrient under above remediation modes were compared by one-way ANOVA analysis.[Results] 1) The vegetation coverage under CK, C-S, C-F, J-C, J-S and J-F were 0,0,0,10.00%,19.67%, and 16.33% respectively, and the vegetation coverage under J-S was significantly higher than that under other modes (P<0.05). Plant height was mainly related to plant species, and the height of Halogeton glomeratus, Agropyron desertorum and Lespedeza bicolor were nearly 20.0, 3.5 and 4.0 cm respectively. The growth of H. glomeratus and L. bicolor was good, while that growth of A. desertorum was poor. 2) During the observation period, the soil water content under C-S, C-F, J-C, J-S and J-F were 3.12%, 3.86%, 5.88%, 6.66% and 5.98% higher than that under CK, respectively. The average soil temperature under J-C, J-S and J-F decreased by 2.10, 2.68 and 1.95℃, and the daily soil temperature differences decreased significantly by 1.64, 1.37 and 1.54℃ (P<0.05). The changes of soil pH and organic matter content were slight under different modes, while the contents of soil hydrolyzable nitrogen and available phosphorus were significantly lower than those under CK (P<0.05). The soil total nitrogen content under J-C, J-S and J-F increased by 8.11%, 10.81% and 8.11%, and soil available potassium content increased by 54.22%, 38.36% and 64.97%.[Conclusions] There are differences in vegetation coverage, soil water, temperature and nutrient under different repair modes. The effectiveness of repair modes for vegetation restoration are not ideal, mainly related to poor water and nutrient condition of test dump. The change of vegetation coverage, soil water content, total nitrogen and available potassium content are significant under J-C, J-S and J-F, and the vegetation coverage under J-S increases the most among designed repair modes.

Key words： remediation modes vegetation restoration soil water temperature and nutrient open-pit mine dump

收稿日期: 2021-02-22

PACS:

S152.7

基金资助:宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划"宁夏回族自治区重点研发计划贺兰山保护区采煤迹地生态修复技术与模式研究"（2018BFG02002）

通讯作者: 史常青(1969—),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:林业生态工程及工程绿化。E-mail:scqbj@126.com E-mail: scqbj@126.com

作者简介: 张俊娇(1997—),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:林业生态工程。E-mail:zjj_landcrab@163.com

引用本文:

张俊娇, 胡杨, 史常青, 赵廷宁, 吴川, 刘小勇, 刘秉儒. 不同修复模式下排土场植被与土壤水热肥变化[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(3): 88-93.
ZHANG Junjiao, HU Yang, SHI Changqing, ZHAO Tingning, WU Chuan, LIU Xiaoyong, LIU Bingru. Changes of vegetation and soil water, temperature and nutrient under different remediation modes in a dump. SSWC, 2022, 20(3): 88-93.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.03.011 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I3/88

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