绿化废弃物堆肥对镉胁迫下小白菜种子萌发的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.03.012

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摘要为了揭示绿化废弃物堆肥（GWC）吸附土壤重金属和降低重金属生物有效性的效果和机理，采用水培模拟法研究GWC吸附镉离子效率及表征，以及不同质量浓度镉溶液对小白菜种子萌发的影响。结果表明：GWC对镉离子有明显的吸附作用，吸附效率为97.66%~98.91%；镉胁迫会降低小白菜种子的发芽势、发芽率、发芽指数和活力指数，抑制小白菜幼苗生长。镉对芽生长具有"低促高抑"影响，在Cd5和Cd10处理下，小白菜芽长较空白对照分别增加28%和29%；但随着镉质量浓度增大，根长抑制率与芽长抑制率均显著增加（P<0.05）。镉在小白菜体内分布为根部>地上部，转移系数随镉质量浓度升高呈下降趋势。GWC处理提高镉胁迫下小白菜种子的发芽指标，促进小白菜根和芽的生长，降低根和芽中的镉质量分数，显著缓解镉对小白菜种子萌发及幼苗生长的破坏和抑制作用。

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	李松
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关键词 ：镉胁迫, 绿化废弃物堆肥, 种子萌发, 小白菜

Abstract：[Background] Cadmium (Cd) is considered to be a highly toxic and non-biodegradable pollutant, which is easily absorbed by plant roots and transferred to other parts, and stored in leafy vegetables. Seed germination and seedling root development are important stages of plant growth cycle, while Cd significantly inhibits the seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi cabbage. Green waste compost (GWC) was used as remediation material to alleviate the inhibition of Cd on the seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi cabbage, so as to provide theoretical basis for preventing early damage of pakchoi cabbage by Cd and controlling Cd contaminated soil.[Methods] Pakchoi cabbage seeds were treated with different Cd²⁺ concentration solutions and GWC adsorption solutions (0, 5, 10, 25, 50, 100 and 200 mg/L). The characterization of GWC before and after adsorption of Cd²⁺ by GWC and its effect on the adsorption efficiency and adsorption capacity of Cd²⁺ were determined. The seed germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index, root and shoot growth and root and shoot inhibition rate, Cd accumulation and transfer coefficient of pakchoi cabbage were determined.[Results] The SEM-EDS image analysis showed that Cd²⁺ was adsorbed on GWC. GWC had obvious adsorption effect on Cd²⁺ with different solubility, and the adsorption efficiency was 97.66%-98.91%. Cd stress reduced the germination potential, germination rate, germination index and vigor index of pakchoi cabbage seeds, and inhibited the growth of pakchoi cabbage seedlings. GWC treatment significantly alleviated the inhibition of Cd²⁺ stress on seed germination, and improved the germination index of pakchoi cabbage seeds under Cd²⁺ stress. The results showed that Cd had a "low promotion and high inhibition" effect on shoot growth. Compared with the control, the shoot length of pakchoi cabbage increased by 28% and 29% under 5 and 10 mg/L Cd²⁺ concentration treatments, but the root and shoot length inhibition rate increased significantly with the increase of Cd²⁺ concentration (P<0.05). After GWC treatment, the root length of pakchoi cabbage first increased and then decreased, and the root length inhibition rate was -6%-44%; it significantly promoted the shoot length growth of pakchoi cabbage (P<0.05), and the inhibition rate of shoot length was negative. The increase of Cd concentration in roots and shoots of pakchoi cabbage increased, but the translocation factor decreased. After GWC treatment, Cd content in roots and shoots of pakchoi cabbage decreased significantly, and the translocation factor ranged from 0.82 to 1.00.[Conclusions] In the important growth stages of seed germination and seedling root development, the GWC may substantially alleviate the inhibition of Cd²⁺ stress on the seed germination and seedling growth of pakchoi cabbage, reduce the accumulation of Cd, and prevent the early damage of Cd to pakchoi cabbage. It can available for reference to crop production activities and related basic research in heavy metal polluted farmland.

Key words： cadmium stress green waste compost seed germination pakchoi cabbage

收稿日期: 2020-02-17

PACS:

Q945.78

基金资助:林业公益性行业科研专项项目"林业废弃物基质化研制技术与应用"（201504205），"有机覆盖物在园林绿化建设中的应用关键技术研究与示范"（631902050）

通讯作者: 孙向阳(1965—),男,博士,教授。主要研究方向:土壤修复,农林废弃物资源化利用。E-mail:sunxy@bjfuedu.cn E-mail: sunxy@bjfuedu.cn

作者简介: 李松(1988—),男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤修复与健康。E-mail:songli996477@126.com

引用本文:

李松, 孙向阳, 李素艳, 马其雪, 周文洁. 绿化废弃物堆肥对镉胁迫下小白菜种子萌发的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(3): 94-101.
LI Song, SUN Xiangyang, LI Suyan, MA Qixue, ZHOU Wenjie. Effects of green waste compost on the seed germination of pakchoi cabbage under cadmium stress. SSWC, 2022, 20(3): 94-101.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.03.012 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I3/94

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