Dynamics of sap flow of apple trees in Yellow River irrigation areas and their responses to micrometeorological factors
WAN Fa1,2, WU Wenyong2, YU Liming1, LIAO Renkuan2, WANG Yong2
1. School of Hydraulic Engineering, Changsha University of Science & Technology, 410114, Changsha, China; 2. China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 100048, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] China's agricultural water occupies a significant proportion of total water, but the utilization coefficient of irrigation water is low. At the same time, apple is a widely grown fruit tree in northern China, the study of its water consumption rule can guide irrigation effectively, improve the utilization coefficient of irrigation water, and assess the effects of local irrigation systems on soil water use. Transpiration is one of the ways plants consume water, there are some differences in the conclusions about the variation regularity of the sap flow of apple trunk transpiration and the relationship between it and meteorological factors. [Methods] The water consumption rule of apple tree transpiration in irrigation area of the Yellow River was studied in this paper. The experiment was carried out in Fuji apple orchards irrigated by local farmers in Zuncun irrigation area in Shanxi province from February 20 to September 30 in 2016. The thermal diffusion probe stem flowmeter was used to monitor the changes of apple trunk sap flow. At the same time,the weather data were obtained from a small local weather station near the apple orchard. The law of apple tree sap flow during the whole growth period was analyzed, the characteristics of apple daily sap flow density under different weather conditions were analyzed, SPSS bivariate correlation analysis was used for analyzing the correlation between the characteristics of sap flow density and various meteorological factors. Finally, the hysteresis effect between sap flow and meteorological factors were analyzed. [Results] 1) The annual transpiration of apple trees in Yellow River irrigation areas was 685.8 mm, and more water was consumed by transpiration in July, August, and September. 2) There was a single peak variation rule for the apple trunk sap flow, apple trees maintained a certain sap flow at night, which was about 30% of the daytime sap flow rate. Apple tree's sap flow rate on cloudy days was 2/3 on sunny days during the same growing season. 3) The degree of correlation between sap flow rate and meteorological factors was ranked as water vapor pressure deficit > air temperature > illumination > relative humidity > wind speed. [Conclusions] Apple orchards in this area should be timely replenished in July, August and September depending on rainfall and under the current irrigation system, there was no soil drying effect, and the soil can maintain better water suitability. During the day, the trunk sap flow was mainly driven by transpiration activities caused by water pressure deficit, temperature, light, and other environmental factors, while the liquid flow driving factor was mainly the nighttime water replenishment activities at night, after consumption in the day. And there was a time delay between the change of sap flow density and meteorological factors, and the asymmetric response between sap flow density and vapor pressure deficit and air temperature factors was large.
万发, 吴文勇, 喻黎明, 廖人宽, 王勇. 引黄灌区苹果树液流规律及与微气象因子响应关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(1): 20-27.
WAN Fa, WU Wenyong, YU Liming, LIAO Renkuan, WANG Yong. Dynamics of sap flow of apple trees in Yellow River irrigation areas and their responses to micrometeorological factors. SSWC, 2021, 19(1): 20-27.
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2021, Vol. 19 
