根系构型对土壤渗透性能的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.04.010

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要植物的根系能够影响土壤中水分的下渗，但是不同的根系构型对土壤入渗性能的影响尚不清楚。为探究不同构型根系对土壤渗透性能的影响，选择重庆缙云山6种不同根系构型的树种进行单株尺度的定水头入渗试验；渗透结束后将根系挖出，统计不同根系构型的根系形态，并分析其对土壤下渗速率的影响。结果表明：1）植物根系的存在能够提高土壤的稳渗速率达2~5.23倍，根长密度、根体积分数、根系的体积分形维数与土壤的稳渗速率均呈正相关关系；2）不同根系构型对土壤入渗性能的影响不同，在根系体积相同的情况下稳渗速率从大到小依次为V型 > M型 > R型 > W型 > VH型 > H型；3） H型根-土复合体的入渗速率-时间曲线可以用Horton公式进行拟合，R型和W型根-土复合体可以用Kostiakov公式进行拟合，而M型根-土复合体采用2种方式拟合均可。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	王鑫皓
	王云琦
	马超
	王玉杰

关键词 ：根系构型, 入渗速率, 入渗模型, 根系方向, 根系分形

Abstract：[Background] Plant roots affect the soil strength by their mechanical role and capability of influencing soil infiltration. At present, most studies mainly focus on the effects of root quantity, while the effect of root architecture remains unclear.[Methods] In order to explore the influence of different root architecture on soil infiltration, water-head infiltration experiments were carried out with six plant species of Sapium sebiferum (V-type), Gordonia acuminate (VH-type), Nerium indicum (M-type), Symplocos lucida (R-type), Cunninghamia lanceolate (W-type) and Neolitsea aurata (H-type) in Jinyun Mountain of Chongqing. Each kind of tree was planted in a PVC bucket and the change of water seepage was measured by a rain gauge cylinder. The length density, bulk density, growth direction, and fractal dimension were measured for each root-soil composite. The relationship between steady infiltration rate and parameters representing root architecture was analyzed. Three methods including Kostiakov formula, Philip formula and Horton formula were used to fit the relationship between infiltration rates and time.[Results] Root length density and root bulk density of W-type were the largest, and the root length density of M-type and root bulk density of H-type were the minimum. The steady infiltration and initial infiltration rate of six root-soil composites were higher than sole soil. The H-type was the tree species with horizontally and widely extending roots. The VH-type was the tree species with a strong tap root and widely extending lateral roots with low orientation to horizontal plane. Most of the main R-type roots extended obliquely. Majority of the M-type roots extended in various directions and the V-type root was nearly vertical. The W-type roots' lateral roots extended widely and the tap root was shallow. The volume fractal dimension of six root architecture ranged from 1 to 2. The maximal and minimal volume fractal dimensions were 1.87 and 1.03 for W-type and H-type respectively. Assuming that the root volume was given, the steady infiltration rate for V-type root-soil composite was the largest, while for H-type roots was minimum. The best fitted function of the steady infiltration rate versus time of all six root-soil composite was Horton's formula. However, the pair-sample t test results revealed that Horton's formula fitted for H-type root-soil composite and M-type root-soil composite, while Kostiakov formula fitted for M-type root-soil composite, R-type root-soil composite, and W-type Root-soil composite.[Conclusions] 1) The steady infiltration rate of root-soil composite was 2-5.23 times higher than sole soil. Root length, bulk densities, volume and fractal dimension were positively related to steady infiltration rate. 2) Under the same external conditions, the steady infiltration rate with same root volume was in an order of M-type > R-type > W-type > VH-type > H-type. 3) The infiltration rate-time curves of H-type and the M-type root-soil composite can be fitted with the Horton's formula, while the M-type, R-type and W-type root-soil composite can be fitted with the Kostiakov formula.

Key words： root architecture infiltration rate infiltration model root direction root fractal

收稿日期: 2017-11-19

PACS:

S714

基金资助:国家重点研发计划"川东山地灾害区森林生态系统服务提供技术研究与示范"（2017YFC0505602）；国家自然科学基金"基于数值模拟的植物根系对人工土质边坡稳定性效应"（31570707）

通讯作者: 王云琦(1979-),女,教授,博士生导师。主要研究方向:水土保持工程。E-mail:wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 王鑫皓(1993-),男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:水土保持。E-mail:2274557014@qq.com

引用本文:

王鑫皓¹, 王云琦^1,2, 马超^1,2, 王玉杰^1,2. 根系构型对土壤渗透性能的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(4): 73-82.
WANG Xinhao, WANG Yunqi, MA Chao, WANG Yujie. Effect of root architecture on soil permeability. SSWC, 2018, 16(4): 73-82.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.04.010 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I4/73

[1]	熊燕梅,夏汉平,李志安,等. 植物根系固坡抗蚀的效应与机理研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报,2007,18(4):895. XIONG Yanmei, XIA Hanping, LI Zhi'an, et al. Effects and mechanisms of plant roots on slope reinforcement and soil erosion resistance:A research review[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007, 18(4):895.
[2]	王涵,周成,刘伟,等. 植物根系倾角对土体抗剪强度影响试验研究[J]. 工程科学与技术,2017(增刊1):81. WANG Han, ZHOU Cheng, LIU Wei, et al. Shear test for root reinforced soil samples considering the inclination of roots[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2017(S1):81.
[3]	REUBENS B, POESEN J, DANJON F, et al. The role of fine and coarse roots in shallow slope stability and soil erosion control with a focus on root system architecture:A review[J]. Trees, 2007, 21(4):385.
[4]	GIADROSSICH F, SCHWARZ M, COHEN D, et al. Mechanical interactions between neighbouring roots during pullout tests[J]. Plant & Soil, 2013, 367(1/2):391.
[5]	GIADROSSICH F, COHEN D, SCHWARZ M, et al. Modeling bio-engineering traits of Jatropha curcas L.[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 89:40.
[6]	PRETI F, GIADROSSICH F. Root reinforcement and slope bioengineering stabilization by Spanish broom (Spartium junceum L.)[J]. Hydrology & Earth System Sciences Discussions, 2009, 6(3):1713.
[7]	LEUNG F T Y, YAN W M, HAU B C H, et al. Root systems of native shrubs and trees in Hongkong and their effects on enhancing slope stability[J]. Catena, 2015, 125:102.
[8]	李萍,张毅,房明. 土质高边坡的降雨渗流场数值模拟分析[J]. 建筑科学,2009,25(1):28. LI Ping, ZHANG Yi, FANG Ming. Numerical simulation of seepage field of high soil slope under rainfall[J].Building Science, 2009,25(1):28.
[9]	嵇晓雷,杨平. 基于植被根系分形维数的生态边坡位移场研究[J]. 地下空间与工程学报,2014,10(6):1462. JI Xiaolei, YANG Ping. A root fractal dimension-based study on ecological slope stability[J]. Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering, 2014,10(6):1462.
[10]	张杰. 降雨条件下边坡入渗及稳定性的影响因子分析[D].杭州:浙江大学,2014:2. ZHANG Jie. The impact factor analysis on infiltration and slope stability under rainfall[D]. Hangzhou:Zhejiang University, 2014:2.
[11]	吴钦孝,韩冰,李秧秧. 黄土丘陵区小流域土壤水分入渗特征研究[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2004(2):1. WU Qinxiao, HAN Bing, LI Yangyang. Soil water infiltration characteristics in small watershed in the hilly Loess Plateau[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2004(2):1.
[12]	王国梁,刘国彬. 黄土丘陵区长芒草群落对土壤水分入渗的影响[J]. 水土保持学报,2009,23(3):227. WANG Guoliang, LIU Guobin. Effect of Stipa bungeana communities on soil infiltration in soil profile in loess hilly region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009, 23(3):227.
[13]	李勇,徐晓琴,朱显谟,等. 黄土高原植物根系强化土壤渗透力的有效性[J]. 科学通报,1992(4):366. LI Yong, XU Xiaoqin, ZHU Xianmo, et al. Effectiveness of plant roots strengthening soil permeability in the Loess Plateau[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1992(4):366.
[14]	刘道平,陈三雄,张金池,等. 浙江安吉主要林地类型土壤渗透性[J]. 应用生态学报,2007(3):493. LIU Daoping, CHEN Senxiong, ZHANG Jinchi, et al. Soil infiltration characteristics under main vegetation types in Anji county of Zhejiang province[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2007(3):493.
[15]	王帅. 不同配比深、浅根系植物对边坡抗冲、抗剪性能影响试验[J]. 公路交通科技,2013(12):39. WANG Shuai. Experiment on influence of different proportions of deep-root and shallow-root plants on anti-erosion and shear performance ofslope soil[J]. Journal of Highway and Transportation Research and Development, 2013(12):39.
[16]	李建兴,何丙辉,谌芸. 不同护坡草本植物的根系特征及对土壤渗透性的影响[J]. 生态学报,2013,33(5):1535. LI Jiangxing, HE Binghui, ZHAN Yun. Root features of typical herb plants for hillslope protection and their effects on soil infiltration[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2013, 33(5):1535.
[17]	闫东锋,王德彩,杨喜田. 丹江口库区不同植被类型地表根系对土壤渗透性的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2016,14(3):35. YAN Dongfeng, WANG Decai, YANG Xitian. Effects of surface root system on soil infiltration at different vegetation types in Danjiangkou Reservoir area[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 14(3):35.
[18]	颜正平. 植物根系分布生态学理论与体系模式之研究[J]. 水土保持研究,2005(5):5. YAN Zhengping. Study on model and theoretical ecosystem of root distribution[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005(5):5.
[19]	LI Y, WANG Y, MA C, et al. Influence of the spatial layout of plant roots on slope stability[J]. Ecological Engineering, 2016, 91:477.
[20]	中国科学院南京土壤研究所土壤物理研究室.土壤物理性质测定法[M].北京:科学出版社.1978:140. Laboratory of Soil Physics, Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences. Determination of soil physical properties[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 1978:140.
[21]	王国梁,周生路,赵其国. 土壤颗粒的体积分形维数及其在土地利用中的应用[J]. 土壤学报,2005(4):545. WANG Guoliang, ZHOU Lusheng, ZHAO Qiguo. Volume fractal dimension of soil particles and its application in land use[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2005(4):545.
[22]	杨培岭,罗远培. 冬小麦根系形态的分形特征[J]. 科学通报,1994(20):1911. YANG Peiling, LUO Yuanpei. Fractal characteristics of root morphology of winter wheat[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 1994(20):1911.
[23]	廖成章,余翔华. 分形理论在植物根系结构研究中的应用[J]. 江西农业大学学报,2001(2):192. LIAO Chengzhang, YU Xianghua. Application of fractal theory in plant root structure research[J]. Acta Agriculturae Universitatis Jiangxiensis, 2001(2):192.
[24]	HUANG Jun, WU Pute, ZHAO Xining. Effects of rainfall intensity underlying surface and slope gradient on soil infiltration under simulated rainfall experiments. Catena, 2012, 104:93.
[25]	GHESTEM M,SIDLE R C,STOKES A. The influence of plant root systems on subsurface flow:Implications for slope stability[J]. Bioscience,2011,61(11):869.
[26]	李义,程本军. 基于土壤入渗模型的研究[J]. 黑龙江水利科技,2013,41(3):13. LI Yi, CHENG Benjun. Research on soil seepage model[J]. Heilongjiang Science and Technology of Water Conservancy, 2013, 41(3):13.
[27]	刘春成,李毅,任鑫,等. 四种入渗模型对斥水土壤入渗规律的适用性[J]. 农业工程学报,2011,27(5):62. LIU Chuncheng, LI Yi, REN Xin, et al. Applicability of four infiltration models to infiltration characteristics of water repellent soils[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2011, 27(5):62.
[28]	王玉杰,王云琦. 重庆缙云山典型林分林地土壤入渗特性研究[J]. 水土保持研究,2006(2):193,256. WANG Yujie, WANG Yunqi. Research on forest soil permeability capability of typical forests in Jinyun Mountain in Chongqing City[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2006(2):193,256.
[29]	王云琦,王玉杰. 缙云山典型林分森林土壤持水与入渗特性[J]. 北京林业大学学报,2006(3):102. WANG Yunqi, WANG Yujie. Soil water retaining capacity and infiltration property of typical forests in the Jinyun Mountain[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2006(3):102.
[30]	林代杰,郑子成,张锡洲,等. 不同土地利用方式下土壤入渗特征及其影响因素[J].水土保持学报,2010,24(1):33. LIN Daijie, ZHENG Zicheng, ZHANG Xizhou, et al. Characteristic and influencing factors of soil infiltration of different land use patterns[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(1):33.
[31]	LEUNG A K, BOLDRIN D, LIANG T, et al. Plant age effects on soil infiltration rate during early plant establishment[J]. Géotechnique,2017:1.
[32]	张莹. 寒旱环境黄土区草本与灌木植物护坡的水文效应研究[D].西宁:青海大学,2008:37. ZHANG Ying. Study on hydrologic effects of slope protection by herb-shrub vegetation in frigid and arid-semiarid loess area[D].Xining:Qinghai University, 2008:37.
[33]	张卢明,何敏,郑明新,等. 降雨入渗对滑坡渗流场和稳定性的影响分析[J]. 铁道工程学报,2009,26(7):15. ZHANG Luming, HE Ming, ZHENG Mingxin, et al. Effects analysis of rainfall infiltration on the landslide seepage field and stability[J].Journal of Railway Engineering Society, 2009, 26(7):15.