Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology

中华放射肿瘤学杂志

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Chinese Journal of Radiation Oncology

	2019 Vol.28 Issue.12 Published 2019-12-15

	Head and Neck Tumors Thoracic Tumors Review Articles Physics.Biology.Technique

Head and Neck Tumors

	881	The value of plasma EBV DNA in monitoring the therapeutic effect of nasopharyngeal carcinoma
		Zong Jingfeng, Zheng Yuhong, Lin Cheng, Chen Yan, Chen Chuanben, Pan Jianji, Lin Shaojun
		Objective To investigate the clinical value of plasma EBV DNA in monitoring clinical efficacy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods Clinical data of 799 patients initially diagnosed with NPC treated with radical intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) in our hospital from 2016 to 2017 were analyzed retrospectively. Prior to treatment, the correlation between plasma EBV DNA,clinical stage and tumor progression was analyzed. The relationship between EBV DNA and tumor progression was analyzed after radiotherapy and during follow-up. Results Before IMRT, the level of EBV DNA was positively correlated with both clinical stage and tumor progression (both P<0.001). At 6 to 8 weeks after IMRT, 19(2.3%) patients positive for plasma EBV DNA obtained the worst prognosis and 14 cases had tumor progression. At 6-8 weeks after IMRT, 9 patients were negative for EBV DNA and 3 cases had tumor progression. The tumor progression rate of patients with undetectable plasma EBV DNA at the end of IMRT was only 8.3%(64/772),and the progression-free survival rate significantly differed among three groups (all P<0.05). The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy rates of persistent positive plasma EBV DNA during follow-up were calculated as 77.6%,100% and 98.1%, respectively. Conclusions The level of plasma EBV DNA in patients with NPC is correlated with tumor bearing and tumor progression prior to IMRT. At 6-8 weeks after IMRT, patients who are persistently positive for EBV DNA obtain the worst prognosis and should be given with appropriate adjuvant therapy. The correlation between persistent positive plasma EBV DNA during follow up and tumor progression yields a high accuracy rate, indicating that plasma EBV DNA is a reliable biomarker for monitoring the clinical efficacy after radical treatment for NPC patients.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 881-884 [Abstract] ( 225 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	885	Analysis of clinical value of high-risk factors combined with stratification analysis in predicting clinical prognosis of N2-3M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
		Chen Junni, Yuan Bo, Yang Shiping, Chen Jiawei, Lin Xiangying, Li Zhaojun, Chen Feng, Wang Zhenping, Wang Fen, Wang Yiming
		Objective To evaluate the clinical value of high-risk factors in combination with stratification method in predicting the clinical prognosis of patients diagnosed with N2-3M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). Methods A total of 226 N2-3M0 NPC patients who underwent IMRT from November 2013 to May 2015 were enrolled in this study. The relationship between tumor volume, cervical metastatic lymph node characteristics (necrosis and fusion) and T and N staging was analyzed. The high-risk factors that affected the survival were identified. The value of high-risk factors combined with stratification method in predicting the clinical prognosis was assessed. Results N3 staging, Vn≥47.15cm³ and lymph node fusion (LNF) were the high-risk factors for distant metastasis in patients with stage N2-3M0 NPC. All patients were classified into the low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk and extremely high-risk groups according to high-risk factors. For patients in the low-risk, medium-risk, high-risk and extremely high-risk groups, the 3-year overall survival rates were 84.2%,76.7%,58.7% and 36.4%(all P<0.001), 87.3%,85.2%,54.5% and 12.1% for the distant metastasis-free survival (DMFS) rates (all P<0.001), 76.8%,74.3%,49.2% and 12.1%for the progression-free survival (PFS) rates (all P<0.001), and 89.2%,88.5%,91.5% and 88.3% for the loco-regional recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) rates (P=0.914), respectively. The risk stratification method showed the best curve separation for DMFS compared to the Vn, N staging and LNF classification groups (all P<0.05). Conclusion High-risk factors in combination with stratification method has the highest clinical value in predicting the clinical prognosis of N2-3M0 NPC patients.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 885-889 [Abstract] ( 186 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

Thoracic Tumors

	890	Comparison of survival between neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy and neoadjuvant chemotherapy followed by surgery for esophageal squamous cell carcinoma
		Fan Chengcheng, Feng Zhuo, Ge Hong, Ye Ke, Wang Hao, Zheng Xiaoli, Zhang Yougai, Song Shuai, Ni Peizan, Zhang Ruiyun, Luo Hui
		Objective To compare the effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NCRT) and neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NCT) on the survival of patients with esophageal cancer. Methods Clinical data of 275 cases of thoracic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma treated with neoadjuvant therapy combined with surgery from December 2011 to December 2015 were analyzed retrospectively. The data of treatment and follow-up were complete and analyzable. There were 70 cases in the NCRT group and 205 cases in the NCT group. The survival rate was calculated by Kaplan-Meier method and statistically compared by log-rank test, and multivariate analysis was performed by Cox regression model. Results The median follow-up time was 32(3-84) months. The median survival time and recurrence-free survival time was 42(3-84) months and 30(3-84) months, respectively. The overall 3-and 5-year survival rates were 56.8% and 45.9%,respectively,and the 3-and 5-year recurrence-free survival rates were 45.1% and 38.9%,respectively. The median survival time in the NCRT and NCT groups was 46(7-84) and 40(4-74) months, and the median recurrence-free survival time was 31(3-84) and 28(3-69) months, respectively. The 3-and 5-year overall survival of the two groups were 59.1%,47.1% and 56.3%,47.5%(P=0.515),and the 3-and 5-year recurrence-free survival were 44.5%,40.1% and 47%,39%,respectively. There was no significant difference in the survival between two neoadjuvant therapy modes (P=0.554). Multivariate analysis showed that postoperative pathological TNM staging was an independent factor affecting the prognosis of patients with esophageal cancer (P=0.001). Conclusions The survival results of NCRT are similar to those of NCT. Postoperative pathological staging is an independent survival factor.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 890-895 [Abstract] ( 188 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	896	*Prognostic and survival analyses of early-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer′s* ring**
		Li Huan, Wu Tao, Lin Qiulin, Zhang Jing, Hu Yunfei, Chen Mengxiang, Huang Yunhong, Lu Bing
		Objective To analyze the clinical efficacy and prognostic factors of patients with early-stage diffuse large B-cell lymphoma of Waldeyer′s ring (WR-DLBCL) treated with CHOP-based chemotherapy. Methods A total of 137 patients diagnosed with WR-DLBCL admitted to our hospitalfrom 2006 to 2018 were enrolled,including 22 patients with stage Ⅰ and 115 patients with stage Ⅱ WR-DLBCL. All patients received CHOP-based chemotherapy,of whom 62 receiving rituximab and 87 receiving involved-field radiotherapy. The overall survival (OS),progression-free survival (PFS) and local recurrence-free survival (LRRFS) were calculated by Kaplan-Meier method. Log-rank test,was conducted for univariate analysis and Cox’s regression model was performed for multivariate analysis. Results The 5-year OS,PFS,and LRFFS in the whole group were 78.6%,69.5% and 83.2%,and 87.5%,80.2%,90.9% in the comprehensive treatment group,and 64.2%,53.6% 72.9% in the chemotherapy group,respectively. Univariate analysis showed that lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),international prognostic index score,large mass,rituximab,chemotherapy cycle and comprehensive treatment were the prognostic factors of OS and PFS. In addition,LDH,large mass and comprehensive treatment were the prognostic factors associated with LRFFS. Multivariate analysis demonstrated that LDH,comprehensive treatment mode and rituximab were the prognostic factors of OS. LDH and comprehensive treatment mode were the prognostic factors associated with PFS. LDH was a prognostic factor of LRFFS. Conclusion Patients with early-stage WR-BLBCL obtain excellent clinical prognosis. In the era of rituximab treatment,chemotherapy combined with radiotherapy remains an efficacious treatment of early-stage WR-BLBCL.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 896-900 [Abstract] ( 213 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	901	Short-course versus long-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy combined with delayed surgery for locally advanced rectal cancer:a Meta-analysis
		Xu Xingyu, Dong Yaqin, Yang Lin, Xiong Maoming
		Objective Short-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy (SCRT) combined with delayed surgery seems to be safer than SCRT in combination with immediate surgery. However,the clinical efficacy between SCRT and long-course neoadjuvant radiotherapy (LCRT) combined with delayed surgery has not been compared. Therefore, this meta-analysis was performed to compare the safety and efficacy between SCRT and LCRT followed by delayed surgery in patients with locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods Relevant literatures were searched using relevant databases. Baseline characteristics and treatment results of patients were extracted. The included studies were subject to bias risk assessment. Evidence assessment and data analysis were conducted. Results A total of 7 studies with 4967 patients were included. Meta-analysis results illustrated no statistical significance between two groups in terms of sphincter preservation rate,R0 resection rate,postoperative complications,local recurrence rate (LRR),distant metastasis,recurrence-free survival (RFS),overall survival (OS),length of hospital stay and acute radiotherapy toxicity (all P>0.05). Compared with SCRT with delayed surgery,LCRT with delayed surgery was associated with a significant increase in the tumor downstaging rate (RR=0.84,95%CI=0.76-0.93,P<0.05) and a considerable increase in pathologically complete remission rate (RR=0.46,95%CI=0.34-0.61,P<0.05). Conclusions SCRT with delayed surgery is as effective as LCRT with delayed surgery in terms of sphincter preservation rate,R0 resection rate,postoperative complications,LRR,RFS,OS,grade Ⅲ-Ⅳ acute toxicity and length of hospital stay. However, LCRT in combination with delayed surgery enhances the tumor downstaging rate and pathologically complete remission rate.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 901-904 [Abstract] ( 185 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	905	Dose-volume restriction analysis based on ≥grade Ⅱ marrow suppression in radiotherapy for pelvic cancer
		Zhang Zegao, Geira·Maimetiemin, Hasyeti·Waili, Gulimilamu·Eherty, Cayman·Abdulbaje, Qi Xiaoli, Pilates, Yang Jie
		Objective To investigate the correlation between bone marrow suppression and the dose volume analysis of pelvic bone and provide reference for defining the parameters of bone volume-dose restriction during pelvic radiotherapy. Methods A retrospective analysis of 102 cases of cervical cancer, 53 cases of rectal cancer and 34 cases of prostate cancer in People′s Hospital of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region from January 2013 to April 2016 was performed. All patients received pelvic irradiation at a dose of 50.0-50.4Gy,and a boost of 10-24 Gy was given for different types of tumors or tumor beds. Concurrent chemotherapy was carried out in patients with cervical cancer and colorectal cancer,and endocrine therapy was given to prostate cancer patients during radiotherapy. The parameters including the target bone volume, V10,V20,V30,V40,V50,and the grade of bone marrow suppression according to RTOG grading scale within 3 months after radiotherapy or 6 months post-radiotherapy were evaluated. The correlation between the irradiation bone volume and the grade of bone marrow suppression was assessed by univariate analysis. The relationship between the grade of bone marrow suppression and age,chemotherapy and radiotherapy dose was further analyzed by multivariate analysis. Results In patients with cervical,rectal and prostate cancer,the overall incidence rate of early bone marrow suppression was 77.5%, 79.2% and 70.6%, and 65.7%,62.3% and 35.3% for ≥grade 2 bone marrow suppression, respectively. Late-stage bone marrow suppression occurred in 11 patients, grade Ⅱ in 7 cases, and the incidence rate of ≥grade 2 bone marrow suppression was 3.7%. The target bone volume in the cervical,rectal and prostate cancer groups was (746.30±27.84) cm³,(736.15±28.72) cm³ and (740.70±35.08) cm³(P=0.023), respectively. Univariate and multivariate analyses revealed that V10,V20,V30,V40 and CV10,CV20,CV30,CV40 were not significantly correlated with the grading of bone marrow suppression (all P>0.05), whereas V50 and CV50 were significantly correlated with bone marrow suppression (both P<0.05). ROC curve analysis demonstrated that V50=72.33 cm³ and CV50=9.42% were the diagnostic cut-off values for ≥grade 2 bone marrow suppression. Conclusions The incidence of bone marrow suppression is relatively high in pelvic radiotherapy,which is correlated with the irradiation bone volume and dose in the target area. At a total dose of 50 Gy, the incidence of ≥grade 2 bone marrow suppression is not associated with ≤V40 or absolute volume. Besides, it is not correlated with dose boost or whether chemotherapy is delivered, whereas it is associated with V50 and absolute volume. V50=10.23% and CV50=72.33 cm³ are the cut-off values for the incidence of ≥grade 2 bone marrow suppression.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 905-908 [Abstract] ( 191 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

Physics.Biology.Technique

	909	Realization and application of automatic independent check software for radiotherapy treatment plans
		Huang Peng, Xu Yingjie, Tian Yuan, Ma Pan, Dai Jianrong
		Objective To design and implement an automatic independent check software (AutoReview) for the radiotherapy treatment plan and improve the efficiency of independent check. Methods The patient′s electronic treatment plan chart in the record and verify (R&V) system database accessed by the SQL language was read and parsed. Based on the treatment plan information obtained from the chart, AutoReview extracted all parameters related to the treatment plan from the treatment planning system and the R&V system, and saved the structured data into a local database. For different check items, corresponding check logic was designed and the program was written to realize the automatic independent check. In total, 664 clinical treatment plans for one month were selected as a sample to evaluate the clinical application effect. Results Compared with manual check, AutoReview improved the check efficiency by nearly 60 times and the problem detection rate was elevated by 19.2%. In the two-year clinical application, the software operation was stable, and 14509 treatment plans were automatically checked and identified 588 cases with problems, accounting for 4.05%. Conclusion AutoReview can effectively improve the efficiency and accuracy of independent check in radiotherapy treatment plan.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 909-913 [Abstract] ( 202 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	914	Application of CT image correction algorithm based on image transformation in the evaluation of dose accuracy evaluation during radiotherapy for cervical cancer
		Zhong Jiajian, Qiu Minmin, Xiao Zhenhua, Deng Yongjin
		Objective To quantitatively evaluate dose accuracy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer. Methods A CT image correction algorithm based on image transformation was proposed. Referring to CBCT images, CT images of radiotherapy plan for cervical cancer were corrected to obtain the corrected images which could reflect the actual body position of treatment. The clinical plan was transplanted to the corrected images for dose recalculation as a test plan, and the dosimetry parameters were statistically compared to evaluate the dose accuracy. Results Both of the target coverage of contrast plans could meet the clinical requirements (>98%),and there was no significant difference in the homogeneity index (P=0.150). The conformability of the test plan was significantly worse than that of the clinical plan (P<0.05). The maximum dose of each organ at risk in the test plan was approximately 30 cGy higher than that of the clinical plan (P<0.05), V50 was slightly higher than that of the clinical plan, whereas the average dose (Dmean) did not significantly differ. Conclusion The CT image correction algorithm based on image transformation can quantitatively evaluate the dose accuracy of radiotherapy for cervical cancer, which provides reference for resolving similar problems in clinical practice.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 914-918 [Abstract] ( 184 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	919	A quantitative evaluation on the image-quality parameters and quality assurance thresholds setting of accelerator on-board imaging system
		Hu Jinyan, Pei Yuntong, Ma Yangguang, Wang Haiyang, Liu Lele, Guo Yuexin
		Objective To achieve quantitative analysis of image quality parameters and establish warning and action thresholds for the on-board imaging (OBI) system of linear accelerator. Methods The Catphan604 phantom was repeatedly scanned in the Full-Fan and Half-Fan CBCT scanning modes on a Varian EDGE linear accelerator, and the software based on Python language development in-house was utilized to analyze image quality parameters, such as CT number linearity, geometric consistency, slice thickness, spatial resolution, uniformity and low-contrast resolution. The quantitative analysis results of each image quality parameter obtained from 16 times of scanning within 16 months were normalized to the mean and the standard deviations were recorded. A run chart analysis was created to determine the warnings and action thresholds. Results The software built in-house can quantitatively analyze the image parameters of the two scanning modes of OBI system. The low-contrast resolution of Half-Fan was better than that of Full-Fan, whereas the spatial resolution of Full-Fan was superior to that of Half-Fan. One standard deviation (1σ) was set as the warning threshold and 2 standard deviations (2σ) as the action threshold, respectively. The tolerance level of Half-Fan was smaller than that of Full-Fan. Conclusion Self-developed software enables quantitative analysis of accelerator image quality parameters, establishes warning and action tolerance of quality assurance and provides guidance for image quality assurance under image-guided radiotherapy specification.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 919-923 [Abstract] ( 203 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	924	Analysis of MRI radiomic features of hypoxic area in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients
		Kong Xudong, Li Tengxiang, Gong Guanzhong
		Objective To analyze the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) radiomic performance of hypoxic area in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients, aiming to provide a reference for identification and analysis of hypoxic area. Methods The MRI-T1, MRI-T2, MRI-T1+ and PET/CT images of 32 patients initially diagnosed with nasopharyngeal carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed. The gross tumor volume (GTV) of nasopharynx was countoured and the hypoxic areas (GTV-H) were identified by ¹⁸F-FMISO-PET images. The non-hypoxic areas (GTV-NH) were defined as the rest of areas removed GTV-H from GTV. The radiomic features of GTV-H and GTV-NH were extracted and compared. Results The average volume of GTV-H and GTV-NH was (10.92±11.02) cm³ and (7.21±5.70) cm³,respectively. The maximum rate of change was 46% for intensity direct-global min (ID-GM) on MRI-T1(P<0.05,AUC>0.7 and Youden index>0.5). The average rate of change was 136% for long run emphasis (LRE),long run high gray level emphasis (LRHGLE) and long run low gray level emphasis (LRLGLE) on MRI-T2(P<0.05,AUC>0.7 and Youden index>0.5). The high change rates was greater than 90% on MRI-T1+(P<0.05,AUC>0.7 and Youden index>0.5) for ID-GM,LRE,LRHGLE and LRLGLE. Conclusions The hypoxic area of tumor target can be reflected by MRI radiomics on T1/T2/T1+. Quantifying and tracking the variations of these features can bring benefit to recognize the hypoxic area of nasopharyngeal carcinoma tumor target.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 924-927 [Abstract] ( 159 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	928	Inhibitory effect of 17AAG-cypate polymer micelles on A549 cell xenografts in nude mice in vivo
		Peng Yiru, Chen Chenglong, Zhang Nan, Xue Lian, Yu dong
		Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of 17AAG-Cypate micelles on the non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells in nude mice and to explore its possible mechanism. Methods A549 lung adenocarcinoma tumor-bearing nude mice were established. The nude mice were treated with saline ( saline group),X-ray (X-ray group),17AAG micelles+X-ray (17AAG-M/X group) and 17AAG-Cypate micelles+laser/X-ray (17AAG-Cypate-M/L+X group),respectively. The growth of xenograft tumors in different groups was measured on a regular basis to delineate the growth curve. The expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) was measured by immunohistochemistry. The microvascular density was detected. The apoptosis of xenograft tissues was observed by TUNEL staining. The expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were quantitatively measured by Western blot. Results Compared with the saline group,varying degrees of inhibition of tumor growth were observed in the X-ray,17AAG-M/X-ray and 17AAG-Cypate-M/L+X groups, particularly in the 17AAG-Cypate-M/L+X group (all P<0.05). In all groups, the expression levels of PCNA were significantly down-regulated (all P<0.05), the microvascular density was remarkably reduced (all P<0.05) andthe expression levels of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT were considerably down-regulated (all P<0.05). Conclusions 17AAG-Cypate micelles can inhibit the growth of human non-small cell lung cancer in nude mice, probably by reducing the activity of p-ERK1/2 and p-AKT, thereby weakening the activation of the MAPK-ERK and PI3K-AKT signaling pathways.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 928-932 [Abstract] ( 172 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	933	Effect of HMGB1 knockdown by RNA interference on cell proliferation and migration of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after X-ray radiation
		Yang Xingxiao, Zhang Xueyuan, Zou Naiyi, Ma Ming, Zhu Shuchai
		Objective To evaluate the effect of X-ray radiation on cell proliferation, migration, survival ability and cell cycle of human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma after RNA interference-mediated down-regulation of HMGB1 gene expression. Methods The expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels in the human esophageal squamous cell carcinoma cell lines ECA109 and KYSE30 was determined using RT-PCR and Western blot assays. MTS and Transwell assays were employed to examine the proliferation and migration of ECA109 and KYSE30 cell lines. The cellular survival ability in vitro was assessed by clone formation assay. The cell cycle after X-ray radiation in different groups was detected by flow cytometry. Results The expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels in ECA109 and KYSE30 cells were markedly higher in a dose-dependent and time-dependent manner in the radiation group than that in the control group (all P<0.05). MTS results demonstrated that the proliferation of ECA109 and KYSE30 cells was obviously lower at each time point after radiation than that in the group without radiation (all P<0.01). The expression of HMGB1 at mRNA and protein levels was significantly inhibited in the HMGB1 siRNA group than those in the control and NC groups (both P<0.01). The data from the clone formation assay revealed that the radiosensitivity was significantly increased after down-regulation of HMGB1 expression (P<0.01). Transwell migration assay revealed that the number of migrating cells at the fourth hour after X-ray irradiation in the HMGB1 siRNA group was significantly lower than those in the control and negative groups (both P<0.01). In the HMGB1 siRNA group, the percentage of cells at G0/G1 phase was obviously higher, whereas the percentage of S phase was significantly lower than those in the control and NC groups, and the trend was even more significant after X-ray radiation (all P<0.01). Conclusion Inhibition of HMGB1 expression by siRNA can suppress the proliferation and migration of ECA109 and KYSE30 cells and enhance the radiosensitivity by increasing the cell cycle arrest at G0/G1 stage after X-ray irradiation in vitro.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 933-938 [Abstract] ( 172 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	939	Effect of long-chain non-coding RNA TUG1 on radiosensitivity of human cervical cancer XB1702 cells by adsorption of miR-145
		Liu Xiuling, Wang Sen, Wang Zhihong, Li Jing, Chen Xinyu, He Quanqin
		Objective To evaluate the effect of long-chain non-coding RNA TUG1 on the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells and explore its underlying mechanism. Methods The expression of TUG1 and miR-145 in cervical cancer cells XB1702 and normal endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) was detected by qRT-PCR. The transfected si-NC,transfected si-TUG1,transfected si-NC combined with irradiation,transfected si-TUG1 combined with irradiation,si-TUG1 and anti-miR-NC co-transfected and,si-TUG1 and anti-miR-145 co-transfected groups were established, which were transfected into XB1702 cells by liposome method. The survival fraction of each group was detected by colony formation assay. The cell apoptosis of each group was detected by flow cytometry. The fluorescence activity of each group was assessed by dual luciferase reporter gene assay. Results Compared with the normal ESCs,the expression of TUG1 was significantly up-regulated, whereas that of miR-145 was significantly down-regulated in the cervical cancer cells XB1702. Silencing TUG1 significantly increased the survival fraction of XB1702 cells,promoted cell apoptosis and enhanced the radiosensitivity of irradiation to XB1702 cells. TUG1 could target and regulate the expression of miR-145. Suppressing miR-145 reversed the silencing effect of TUG1 on inhibiting proliferation, accelerating apoptosis promotion and enhancing sensitization of XB1702 cells. Conclusions Silencing long-chain non-coding RNA TUG1 can enhance the radiosensitivity of cervical cancer cells. The mechanism may be related to targeting miR-145,which will provide a target for radiotherapy of cervical cancer.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 939-941 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	942	Mechanism of Silencing HOXC8 Increases Radiosensitivity of A549 Cells
		Song Rui, Yuan Jinjin, Hou Ge, Yang Jun, Chen Xiaojuan, Liu Zongwen
		Objective To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of HOXC8 on the radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cell line A549, aiming to provide novel ideas for clinical combined treatment. Methods The A549 cells with stable knockdown of HOXC8 were constructed by using lentivirus and validated by qPCR and Western blot. The radiosensitivity of A549 stable cell line was assessed by plate clone formation assay. The expression levels of TGF-β1 and the proteins in the downstream signal pathway after knockdown of HOXC8 were detected by Western blot. Results The A549 cells with stable knockdown of HOXC8 were successfully constructed. The viability and clonogenic capacity of A549 cells were significantly reduced after silencing HOXC8. Silencing HOXC8 also increased the sensitivity of A549 cells to radiotherapy and significantly inhibited the expression of TGF-β1 and p-Smad2/3 proteins in the downstream signaling pathway. Conclusion Silencing HOXC8 can increase the sensitivity of A549 cells to radiotherapy probably by inhibiting TGF-β1 signaling transduction. HOXC8 might play an important role in A549 cells.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 942-944 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

Review Articles

	945	Research progress on postoperative adjuvant therapy for esophageal carcinoma
		Ni Wenjie, Xiao Zefen
		In China,radical esophagectomy remains the main strategy for resectable esophageal cancer. However,the high locoregional recurrence rate and hematogenous metastasis rate are the main causes of surgical failure. Therefore,whether postoperative adjuvant therapy can become one of the important means for esophageal cancer remains controversial. In this article, the research progress on the postoperative recurrent pattern and adjuvant therapy for esophageal carcinoma was reviewed to provide references for clinicians.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 945-948 [Abstract] ( 150 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	949	Research progress and clinical decision of internal mammary prophylactic radiotherapy after breast cancer surgery
		Deng Yanbo, Wang Shulian
		Although the internal mammary is the lymphatic drainage site for breast cancer,whether postoperative radiotherapy needs to be irradiated remains controversial. In recent years,several random studies have discussed internal mammary radiotherapy to varying degrees and no evidence has obtained that internal mammary radiotherapy bring clinical benefits to overall survival. In clinical practice,internal mammary prophylactic radiotherapy should maintain the balance among the risk of tumor recurrence,prescription dose and radiotherapy techniques to avoid the increased risk of radiotherapy-related death that offsets the possible survival benefits.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 949-952 [Abstract] ( 169 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

	953	Effects of autophagy on radiosensitivity
		Song Guanchu, Liu Dan, Guo Genyan, Zhao Yuxia
		Autophagy extensively exists in eukaryotes,which utilizes lysosomes to degrade the damaged organelles or proteins,maintain the stability of the intracellular environment and provide energy. It can also participate in the growth,proliferation and apoptosis of tumor cells through autophagy-related genes and signaling pathways. Radiotherapy is one of the main treatments for cancer,whereas tumor cells often have radiation resistance, which reduces the clinical efficacy. Previous studies have demonstrated that autophagy is associated with the radiosensitivity of tumor cells, but the conclusions are different. In this article, different effects of autophagy upon the radiosensitity of tumor cells were reviewed.
		2019 Vol. 28 (12): 953-956 [Abstract] ( 180 ) [HTML 1KB] [ PDF 0KB] ( 0 )

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