蒙东黑土区坡耕地退化现状分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023061

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摘要土壤退化严重威胁蒙东黑土区粮食安全与黑土的可持续利用。为理清区域坡耕地退化现状，选择内蒙古莫力达瓦达斡尔族自治旗为研究区，以坡耕地为研究对象，基于最小数据集、序贯高斯模拟和数理统计等方法，探索蒙东黑土区坡耕地退化程度空间分布及退化形式和主要影响因素。结果表明：1）蒙东黑土区坡耕地退化程度评价最小数据集包括有机质、腐殖质层厚度、水稳性大团聚体、pH、坡度和垄坡角；2）蒙东黑土区坡耕地土壤退化指数分布范围为0.0811~0.7998，轻度退化和中度退化坡耕地共占坡耕地总面积的83%；3）土壤退化指数与腐殖质层厚度的相关性最高（P < 0.01）, 与坡度和垄坡角呈显著正相关关系（P < 0.05），坡度和垄坡角的相关系数为0.356（P < 0.05）。综上，蒙东黑土区坡耕地退化程度自东北向西南逐渐递增，主要表现为腐殖质层流失和坡耕地面积的缩减，坡度和垄坡角的交互作用可能是退化的主要影响因素。研究结果可为蒙东黑土区坡耕地退化防治提供数据支撑。

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	张守昊
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	FAN Zhaofei

关键词 ：坡度, 垄坡角, 腐殖质层厚度, 土壤退化指数, 评价指标体系

Abstract：Background Black soil area in eastern Mongolia is an important commercial grain base in Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region. Soil degradation seriously affects regional food security and sustainable use of black soil. To clarify the degradation status of sloping cropland is the premise of comprehensive management and improvement of black soil. Methods Selected Moqi as the study area, sloping cropland as the research object, based on the soil measurement data, minimum data set, sequential Gaussian simulation, and mathematical statistics methods, we analyzed the spatial distribution of the degradation degree of sloping cropland in this region, the forms and the driving factors of degradation. Results 1) The minimum data set of assessment system on soil degradation degree included: Soil organic matter, A-horizon thickness, large water-stable aggregate, pH, slope, and ridge-slope angle. 2) The soil degradation index of sloping cropland in this region ranges from 0.0811-0.799 8. The slightly degraded and moderately degraded sloping cropland accounted for 83% of the total sloping cropland area. 3) The correlation between soil degradation index and A-horizon thickness was the highest (P < 0.01), were positively correlated with slope and ridge-slope angle (P < 0.05), the correlation coefficient between slope and ridge-slope angle was 0.356 (P < 0.05). Conclusions The degradation degree of sloping cropland gradually increased from northeast to southwest in study area, mainly with slightly degraded and moderately degraded sloping cropland. The loss of A-horizon layer and the reduction of cultivated area were primary characters. The interaction between slope and ridge-slope angle might be the driving factors leading to the degradation of sloping cropland. The results can provide data support for the prevention and control of sloping cropland degradation in the black soil area of eastern Inner Mongolia.

Key words： slope gradient ridge-slope angle A-horizon thickness soil degradation index evaluation index system

收稿日期: 2023-03-15

PACS:

S158.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划子课题“侵蚀退化耕地生产力快速提升技术”(2018YFC0507005)；国家自然科学基金面上项目“坡式经济林地土壤水分运移动态及内在机理”(32071840)

通讯作者: 刘霞（1971—），女，博士，教授。主要研究方向：水土保持监测与评价。E-mail：liuxia@njfu.edu.cn E-mail: liuxia@njfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张守昊（1995—），男，博士。主要研究方向：水土保持监测与评价。E-mail：zshmyz@njfu.edu.cn

引用本文:

张守昊, 孙蕾, JAMSHIDI Abdul Hakim, 牛勇, 刘霞, FAN Zhaofei. 蒙东黑土区坡耕地退化现状分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2025, 23(1): 140-149.
ZHANG Shouhao, SUN Lei, JAMSHIDI Abdul Hakim, NIU Yong, LIU Xia, FAN Zhaofei. Status analysis of sloping cropland degradation in the black soil region of eastern Inner Mongolia. SSWC, 2025, 23(1): 140-149.

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