This paper, by using “2015 national archives administrative departments and archives basic situation summary data”, “archives professional graduates career status and professional knowledge satisfaction questionnaire data” and “the cognitive situation of the public on the archives and archives questionnaire survey data”, analyzed and studied our country’s archives occupational status and archives professional identity. The results show that there are occupational status such as the small number of employees, the low degree of specialization and salary satisfaction, the irrational age structure, the shortage of the number of staffing, professional influence and talent pool. In terms of occupational identity, the professional identity of the archivist is low, the self-identity is higher than the social identity, the professional identity of the archivist workers is declining with the increase of the income level, and the professional recognition degree of the female archives is much higher than that of the male, prefecture-level city archives workers have the highest degree of professional recognition, county archives workers professional recognition is higher than the provincial capital and municipalities, and other characteristics.