Cultural construction is one of the cultural responsibilities of public archives. This article analyses the lack of theory research on the cultural responsibility of public archives in our country and the international identity of the cultural responsibility of public archives. The author brings forward and demonstrates that the cultural responsibility of public archives includes cultural inheritance, cultural service, cultural spread, cultural education, cultural communication and cultural construction. From the historical perspective of evolution, the author proposes that the construction of cultural responsibility of public archives in our country be a long-term task.