Based on the data of temperature, precipitation and runoff time series from 1960 to 2010 in the Kaidu River Basin, this paper revealed the regional climate and runoff variation characteristics by using the Mann-Kendall trend and abrupt change test, R / S method, linear regression and moving average methods. The results showed that the temperature, precipitation and runoff in the Kaidu River Basin presented an increasing trend with a growth rate of 0.027 ℃/ a, 0.863 mm/ a and 0.625 m³ / a, respectively. The corresponding years of abrupt change were 1993, 1986 and 1996, respectively. In the mountainous area, both temperature and precipitation increased most remarkably. Under the warming climate, the average annual, spring, summer and autumn temperature in the oasis area increased more obviously than those in the mountainous area, but in the oasis area, winter temperature increased more significantly; the precipitation in mountainous area increased more significantly than that in the oasis. Inthe past fifty years, the runoff of Kaidu River Basin had increased by 9.96 ×10⁸ m³, which had a great effect on industrial and agricultural development, daily life and ecological sustainable development of Kaidu River Basin.