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| On the characters and position of the soil and water conservation science: A thought for soil and water conservation of Changjiang River basin |
| Wang Zhiguo |
| College of Soil and Water Conservation,Beijing Forestry University,100083;Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute,the Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China,100011:Beijing,China |
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Abstract This paper analyzed the characters of small watershed management in south-west China by investigating small watershed management on upriver of Changjiang River basin in south of Shaanxi and east of Sichuan.This investigating reports show that the first task of small watershed management is changing slope-field into terrace so that decrease soil loss and increase crop yield because the south-west of China is severely impacted by soilerosion and the crop field per capita is much less.The second is increasing farmer's income by planting fresh and dry fruits,oil crops,spiceberry and so on.The third is increasing the area of irrigable land by holding up and conserving runoff to enhance the yield of crops and fruits.Meanwhile,the road and drainage system of rural and field should be constructed.In fact,soil loss can be controlled effectively and eco-system and environment can be ameliorated through human efforts.What's more,the study shows that soil and water conservation must be endowed with its connotation which is controlling erosion,holding up sediment,improving agricultural productive capacity,developing rural economy,reforming rural infrastructure and advancing living quality of farmer by small watershed management at present.Meanwhile, it also should be extended its denotation including soil erosion controlling of mine,construction site,city and town,and natural eco-restoration.Therefore,the science of soil and water conservation is different from environment protection and ecology.Summarizing the theory and technique of soil and water conservation,this paper shows that taking small watershed as a unit carries out reasonable development and wise use of land and water resources by comprehensive planning of hill,a streamlet,cropland,grassland,orchard,forestland,countryroad,irrigation ditch,drainage dike and so on.The theory and technique system of small watershed management,which takes scientific,systematic,productive and the social public welfare as special features,is formed by long-term production practice and scientific research of soil and water conservation in 1944—2005,and has a core position in science of soil and water conservation in China.It can be said that having no small watershed management,there would be no academics system of the soil and water conservation as Chinese special features.Soil and water conservation could not only solve the problem of eco-rehabilitation but also production and economy in China.
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Received: 09 July 2007
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