|
|
|
| Soil aggregate stability of typical forest stands in the Jinyun Mountain based on Le Bissonnais method |
| JIANG Chunxiao1,2, WANG Bin1,2, WANG Yujie1,2, WANG Yunqi1,2, HU Bo1,2, ZHANG Wenlong1,2 |
1. Three-gorges Area(Chongqing) Forest Eco-system Research Station of Ministry of Education, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;
2. Jinyun Forest Ecosystem Research Station, School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract [Background] The slope land of yellow soil is one of the main source of soil erosion for the middle and upper reaches of the Yangtze River, while there is still a research gap in soil aggregate stability under typical forests in the yellow soil area. When using aggregate stability to assess soil erodibility, samples are usually collected from 0-20 cm soil layer. However, the surface of soil (0-1 cm) is still the active layer where various activities act although there is no obvious crust in forest land. Compared with the study on 0-20 cm soil layer, it is important to clarify the aggregate stability of the very surface layer for forest soil.[Methods] Mixed coniferous and broad-leaved forest, evergreen broad-leaved forest, Phyllostachys pubescens forest and shrub forest in the Jinyun Mountain were selected as research sites. In each site, 5 m x 20 m plots were selected. Samples were collected from the surface soil (0-1 cm) and subsoil (>1-20 cm), and 3 repeats along diagonal of each plot and mixed for each plot. The aggregate breakdown mechanism was distinguished by fast wetting test (FW), slow wetting test (SW) and stirring test (ST) in the Le Bissonnais (LB) method, and their stability was expressed by MWD (mean weight diameter)FW, MWDSW, and MWDST, respectively. Soil properties such as soil particle distributions (PSD), soil organic matter (SOM), total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), cation exchange capacity (CEC), and exchangeable cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+) were measured as potential explanatory factors of soil aggregate stability.[Results] 1) The stability of soil aggregates in different forest stands showed a trend of MWDFW < MWDST < MWDSW in general. 2) The soil aggregates stability of 4 forest stands showed a significant difference under different aggregate breakdown mechanisms. The soil aggregates of evergreen broad-leaved forest were the most stable while that of P. pubescens forest were very weak. 3) MWD of the surface soil was greater than that of the corresponding subsoil under the same stand, and the difference varied with different aggregate breakdown mechanism.4) Redundancy analysis (RDA) showed that the cumulative explanations of standard soil properties tested on soil aggregate stability were as high as 99.0%. The main factors influencing soil aggregate stability were different under different aggregate breakdown mechanisms. For FW and SW, soil aggregate stability was mainly affected by SOM, CEC, and exchangeable Mg2+, Ca2+. For ST it was mainly affected by exchangeable K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ and clay content. There was a significantly positive correlation between SOM and soil aggregate stability (P=0.004), and a negative correlation between exchangeable Na+ and the stability under three breakdown mechanism.[Conculsions] There are significant differences in soil aggregate stability in different stands, and the influencing factors are different under different aggregate breakdown mechanisms. Compared with the other three stands, evergreen broad-leaved forest demonstrate the most obvious effect on soil aggregates stability in this area. The mostly used average MWD of the 0-20 cm would, if the difference between surface soil aggregate (0-1 cm) and subsoil aggregate (>1-20 cm) is ignored, probably underestimate the aggregate stability of surface soil.
|
|
Received: 14 May 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
HU Feinan, LIU Jingfang, XU Chenyang, et al. Soil internal forces initiate aggregate breakdown and splash erosion[J]. Geoderma, 2018(320):43.
|
| [2] |
RACHMAN A, ANDERSON S H, GANTZE C J. Influence of long-term cropping systems on soil physical properties related to soil erodibility[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2003, 67(2):637.
|
| [3] |
李鉴霖,江长胜,郝庆菊. 土地利用方式对缙云山土壤团聚体稳定性及其有机碳的影响[J]. 环境科学,2014,35(12):4695. LI Jianlin, JIANG Changsheng, HAO Qingju. Impact of land use type on stability and organic carbon of soil aggregates in Jinyun Mountain[J]. Environmental Science, 2014, 35(12):4695.
|
| [4] |
TISDALL J M, OADES J M. Organic matter and water-stable aggregates in soils[J].European Journal of Soil Science, 1982, 33(2):141.
|
| [5] |
AN S, MENTLER A, MAYER H, et al. Soil aggregation, aggregate stability, organic carbon and nitrogen in different soil aggregate fractions under forest and shrub vegetation on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Catena, 2010, 81(3):226.
|
| [6] |
BRYAN R B. Soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hillslopes[J].Geomorphology, 2000, 32(3/4):385.
|
| [7] |
张琪,方海兰,史志华,等.侵蚀条件下土壤性质对团聚体稳定性影响的研究进展[J].林业科学,2007,43(S1):77. ZHANG Qi, FANG Hailan, SHI Zhihua, et al. Advances in influence factors of aggregate stability under erosion[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2007,43(S1):77.
|
| [8] |
胡波,王玉杰,王彬,等.自然降雨条件下结皮层团聚体稳定性变化特征研究[J].农业机械学报,2017,48(6):225. HU Bo, WANG Yujie, WANG Bin, et al. Dynamics of stability of soil crust under natural rainfall event[J]. Transactions of the CSAM, 2017, 48(6):225.
|
| [9] |
ALGAYER B, WANG Bin, BOURENNANE H, et al. Aggregate stability of a crusted soil:Differences between crust and sub-crust material, and consequences for interrill erodibility assessment. An example from the Loess Plateau of China[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2014, 65(3):325.
|
| [10] |
BULLOCK M S, NELSON S D, KEMPER W D. Soil cohesion as affected by freezing, water content, time and tillage[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1988, 52(3):770.
|
| [11] |
BAJRACHARYA R M, LAL R. Crusting effects on erosion processes under simulated rainfall on a tropical Alfisol[J]. Hydrological Processes, 1998, 12(12):1927.
|
| [12] |
BERNARD BARTHōS, ROOSE E. Aggregate stability as an indicator of soil susceptibility to runoff and erosion; validation at several levels[J]. Catena, 2002, 47(2):133.
|
| [13] |
CōDRIC LEGOUT, LEGUEDOIS S, BISSONNAIS Y L. Aggregate breakdown dynamics under rainfall compared with aggregate stability measurements[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 56(2):225.
|
| [14] |
鲍士旦.土壤农化分析[M].北京:中国农业出版社,2000:30. BAO Shidan. Soil Agro-chemistrical Analysis[M].Beijing:China Agriculture Press, 2000:30.
|
| [15] |
LE BISSONNAIS Y. Aggregate stability and assessment of soil crustability and erodibility:I. Theory and methodology[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1996, 47(1):425.
|
| [16] |
王彬. 东北典型薄层黑土区土壤可蚀性关键因子分析与土壤可蚀性计算[D]. 陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2009:20. WANG Bin. Key factors and calculation of soil erodibility in the typical eroded black soil area of northeast China[D]. Yangling, Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University, 2009:20.
|
| [17] |
任启文,王鑫,李联地,等.小五台山不同海拔土壤理化性质垂直变化规律[J].水土保持学报,2019,33(1):241. REN Qiwen, WANG Xin, LI Liandi, et al. Vertical variation of soil physical and chemical properties at different altitudes in Xiaowutai Mountain[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 33(1):241.
|
| [18] |
储小院. 缙云山林地土壤侵蚀物理力学机制研究[D].北京:北京林业大学,2010:28. CHU Xiaoyuan. Physical and mechanical mechanism of soil erosion of forests in Jinyun Mountain, Chongqing city[D]. Beijing:Beijing Forestry University, 2010:28.
|
| [19] |
VITOUSEK P. Litter decomposition on the Mauna Loa environmental matrix, Hawai'i:Patterns, mechanisms, and models[J]. Ecology, 1994, 75(2):418.
|
| [20] |
李志安,邹碧,丁永祯,等.森林凋落物分解重要影响因子及其研究进展[J].生态学杂志,2004,23(6):77. LI Zhian, ZOU Bi, DING Yongzhen, et al. Key factors of forest litter decomposition and research progress[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2004,23(6):77.
|
| [21] |
TAYLOR B R, PARSONS P W F J. Nitrogen and lignin content as predictors of litter decay rates:A microcosm test[J]. Ecology, 1989, 70(1):97.
|
| [22] |
刘一星,赵广杰.木材学[M].北京:中国林业出版社,2012:304. LIU Yixing, ZHAO Guangjie. Wood science[M].Beijing:China Forestry Publishing House, 2012:304.
|
| [23] |
CALUWE A H D. Nutritional and plant-mediated controls on leaf litter decomposition of Carex species[J]. Ecology, 1997, 78(1):244.
|
| [24] |
胡波,张会兰,王彬,等.重庆缙云山地区森林土壤酸化特征[J].长江流域资源与环境,2015,24(2):300. HU Bo, ZHANG Huilan, WANG Bin, et al. Analysis on the forest soil acidification and mechanisms in Chongqing Jinyun Mountain[J]. Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin, 2015, 24(2):300.
|
| [25] |
关连珠,张伯泉,颜丽.不同肥力黑土、棕壤微团聚体组成及其胶结物质的研究[J].土壤学报,1991,28(3):260. GUAN Lianzhu, ZHANG Boquan, YAN Li. Composition of microaggregate and cementing substances in black soils and brown forest soils with different fertility levels[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 1991,28(3):260.
|
| [26] |
瞿晴,徐红伟,吴旋,等.黄土高原不同植被带人工刺槐林土壤团聚体稳定性及其化学计量特征[J/OL].环境科学,2019(6):1-9[2019-04CD*2] 30].https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201811109. QU Qing, XU Hongwei, WU Xuan, et al. Soil aggregate stability and its stoichiometric characteristics of robinia pseudoacacia forest in different vegetation zones on the Loess Plateau, China[J/OL]. Environmental Science, 2019(6):1-9[2019-04-30].https://doi.org/10.13227/j.hjkx.201811109.
|
| [27] |
CHRISTENSEN B T. Straw incorporation and soil organic matter in macro-aggregates and particle size separates[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 1986, 37(1):125.
|
| [28] |
郑子成,何淑勤,王永东,等.不同土地利用方式下土壤团聚体中养分的分布特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2010, 24(3):170. ZHENG Zicheng, HE Shuqin, WANG Yongdong, et al. Distrbution feature of soil nutrients in aggregate under different land use[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2010, 24(3):170.
|
| [29] |
王清奎,汪思龙.土壤团聚体形成与稳定机制及影响因素[J].土壤通报,2005,36(3):415. WANG Qingkui, WANG Silong. Forming and stable mechanism of soil aggregate and influencing factors[J]. Chinese Journal of Soil Science, 2005,36(3):415.
|
| [30] |
WU Xinliang, WEI Yujie, WANG Junguang, et al. Effects of soil physicochemical properties on aggregate stability along a weathering gradient[J]. Catena, 2017(156):205.
|
| [31] |
LI Zhaoxia, CAI Chongfa, SHI Zhihua, et al. Aggregate stability and its relationship with some chemical properties of red soils in subtropical China[J]. Pedosphere, 2005, 15(1):129.
|
| [32] |
郭伟,史志华,陈利顶,等.不同湿润速率对三种红壤坡面侵蚀过程的影响[J].土壤学报,2008,45(1):26. GUO Wei, SHI Zhihua, CHEN Liding, et al. Effects of wetting rate on erosion processes on hillslopes of red soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2008,45(1):26.
|
| [33] |
林杭生,赵其国.红黄壤粘土矿物的定量研究[J].土壤,1989(5):254. LIN Hangsheng, ZHAO Qiguo. Quantitative study on clay minerals in red-yellow soil[J].Soils, 1989(5):254.
|
| [34] |
KEREN R, SHAINBERG I, FRENKEL H, et al. The effect of exchangeable sodium and gypsum on surface runoff from Loess Soil1[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1983, 47(5):1001.
|
| [35] |
张孝存,郑粉莉. 基于Le Bissonnais法的东北黑土区土壤团聚体稳定性研究[J]. 陕西师范大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(5):82. ZHANG Xiaocun, ZHENG Fenli. Study on soil aggregate stability of farmland based on Le Bissonnais method in the black soil region, Northeast China[J]. Journal of Shaanxi Normal University (Natural Science Edition), 2009, 37(5):82.
|
| [36] |
ANGERS D A, SAMSON N, LEGERE A. Early changes in water-stable aggregation induced by rotation and tillage in a soil under barley production.[J]. Canadian Journal of Soil Science, 1993, 73(1):51.
|
| [37] |
BEARE M H, HENDRIX P F, COLEMAN D C. Water-stable aggregates and organic matter fractions in conventional and no-tillage soils[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1994, 58(3):777.
|
| [38] |
ATTOU F, BRUAND A, BISSONNAIS Y L. Effect of clay content and silt-clay fabric on stability of artificial aggregates[J]. European Journal of Soil Science, 2010, 49(4):569.
|
| [39] |
LADO M, BEN-HUR M, SHAINBERG I. Soil wetting and texture effects on aggregate stability, seal formation, and erosion[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 2004, 68(6):1992.
|
| [40] |
王彬. 土壤可蚀性动态变化机制与土壤可蚀性估算模型[D].陕西杨凌:西北农林科技大学,2013:890. WANG Bin. Dynamic mechanism of soil erodibility and soil erodibility calculation model[D]. Yangling, Shaanxi:Northwest A&F University, 2013:890.
|
|
|
|
