|
|
|
| Effects of conservation tillage measures on soil wind erosion in Yanqing, the suburb of Beijing |
| WU Shanshan1,2, NIU Jianzhi1,2, LIN Xingna1,2 |
1. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University;
2. Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation:100083, Beijing, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract [Background] Yanqing is located in arid and semi-arid areas of northern China where wind erosion of farmland soil is serious. It is one of the sources of sand and dust in Beijing. The reason that there will be sandstorms and other disaster weather is that this region often has windy weather, dry climate, little precipitation and bare surface in spring and winter. Conservation tillage measures such as straw mulching and stubble can not only improve surface aerodynamic roughness, reduce near-surface wind speed and effectively weaken soil erosion, but also increase soil moisture and nutrients. Therefore, this study compared the effects of three conservation tillage measures including corn stubble, corn straw mulching, corn stubble and cover with traditional tillage measures on soil wind erosion, which can provide a basis for preventing soil wind erosion in this area.[Methods] Wind tunnel test with 5 wind speeds (8, 12, 16, 20 and 24 m/s) were carried out on undisturbed soil of the farmland under 4 tillage measures in the study area. The aerodynamic roughness was calculated by using the Pitot tube to measure the wind speed profile of each axial wind speed. The soil wind erosion intensity was measured by weighing the undisturbed soil before and after the tests. The sand transport rate was calculated after weighing the wind erosion particles under different heights (1, 4, 7, 10, 13, 16, 19, 22, 25 and 28 cm) of different wind speed, which was collected by sand sampler.[Results] Under the test conditions, when the wind speed is different, the wind speed profile of the farmland surface of each tillage measure is mainly logarithmic function increasing. The order of the 4 tillage measures' aerodynamic roughness is:Corn stubble and cover > corn straw mulching > corn stubble > traditional tillage. The soil wind erosion intensity law is:Traditional tillage > corn stubble > corn straw mulching > corn stubble and cover. The sand transport rate of each measure at different wind speed decreases exponentially, and the wind-sand flow structure is dominated by saltation. The wind erosion particles is mainly concentrated in the near surface of the 15 cm height range. At the same wind speed, compared with the traditional tillage measures, the conservation tillage measures can generally reduce the sand transport rate of wind erosion.[Conclusions] Compared with the traditional tillage measures, corn straw mulching, corn stubble and cover, and corn stubble can not only weaken near-surface wind speed, but also reduce wind erosion in farmland. Therefore, we can promote the use of conservation tillage measures to reduce the soil wind erosion of farmland and protect the land productivity in the suburbs of Beijing and even in northern China.
|
|
Received: 09 April 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
董治宝,董光荣,陈广庭.以北方旱作农田为重点开展我国的土壤风蚀研究[J].干旱区资源与环境, 1996,10(2):31. DONG Zhibao, DONG Guangrong, CHEN Guangting. Experimental study on soil wind erosion in China focusing on dry farmland in North China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 1996,10(2):31.
|
| [2] |
张金鑫,穆兴民,王飞,等. 基于土壤质量的保护性农业技术及其政策取向[J].水土保持研究, 2009, 16(1):264. ZHANG Jinxin, MU Xingmin, WANG Fei, et al. Technology and policy orientation of conservation agriculture based on soil quality[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009,16(1):264.
|
| [3] |
WOLFE S A, NICKLING W G. Shear stress partitioning in sparsely vegetated desert canopies[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1996, 21(7):607.
|
| [4] |
陈智.阴山北麓农牧交错区地表土壤抗风蚀能力测试研究[D].呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学,2006:85. CHEN Zhi. Testing study on capability of anti-wind erosion of land surface soil in the cross region between farmland and grassland in Yinshan mountain area[D]. Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2006:85.
|
| [5] |
赵云,穆兴民,王飞,等.保护性耕作对农田土壤风蚀影响的室内风洞实验研究[J].水土保持研究,2012,19(3):16. ZHAO Yun, MU Xingmin, WANG Fei, et al. Impact of conservation tillage on soil wind erosion of farmland based on wind tunnel test[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2012,19(3):16.
|
| [6] |
林艺,李和平,肖波.东北黑土区农田土壤风蚀的影响因素及其数量关系[J].水土保持学报,2017,31(4):44. LIN Yi, LI Heping, XIAO Bo. Influencing factors of wind erosion and their quantitative relationships with erosion rate in black soil area of Northeast China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2017,31(4):44.
|
| [7] |
杨秀春,徐斌,严平,等.农牧交错带不同农田耕作模式土壤水分特征对比研究[J].水土保持学报, 2005,19(2):125. YANG Xiuchun, XU Bin, YAN Ping, et al. Study on soil moisture of different tillage measures in agri-grazing ecotone[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2005,19(2):125.
|
| [8] |
刘晓冰,宋春雨,Herbert S J,等.覆盖作物的生态效应[J].应用生态学报,2002,13(3):365. LIU Xiaobing, SONG Chunyu, HERBERT S J, et al. Ecological effects of cover crops[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2002,13(3):365.
|
| [9] |
杨钦,郭中领,王仁德,等.河北坝上不同土地利用方式对土壤风蚀的影响[J].干旱区资源与环境, 2017,31(2):185. YANG Qin, GUO Zhongling, WANG Rende, et al. Influence of different land uses on soil wind erosion in Bashang area, Hebei, China[J]. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment, 2017,31(2):185.
|
| [10] |
左忠,潘占兵,张安东,等.干旱风沙区农田防护林网空间风速与地表风蚀特征[J].农业工程学报, 2018,34(2):135. ZUO Zhong, PAN Zhanbing, ZHANG Andong, et al. Spatial wind speed and surface wind erosion characteristics of farm-shelter forest network in arid sandy area[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2018,34(2):135.
|
| [11] |
常佳丽,陈智,陈燕,等.三种典型地表风速廓线的试验研究[J].中国水土保持,2017(3):41. CHANG Jiali, CHEN Zhi, CHEN Yan, et al. Experimental study on three typical surface wind profiles[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2017(3):41.
|
| [12] |
陈智,麻硕士,赵永来,等.保护性耕作农田地表风沙流特性[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(1):118. CHEN Zhi, MA Shuoshi, ZHAO Yonglai, et al. Characteristics of drifting sand flux over conservation tillage field[J]. Transactions of CSAE,2010,26(1):118.
|
| [13] |
王仁德,邹学勇,赵婧妍.北京市农田风蚀的野外观测研究[J].中国沙漠, 2011,31(2):400. WANG Rende, ZOU Xueyong, ZHAO Jingyan. Field observation of farmland wind-erosion around Beijing[J]. Journal of Desert Research,2011,31(2):400.
|
| [14] |
徐涛,蒙仲举,党晓宏,等.乌兰布和沙漠绿洲农田不同土地利用方式地表风蚀特征研究[J].土壤, 2018,50(3):606. XU Tao, MENG Zhongju, DANG Xiaohong, et al.Wind erosion characteristics of oasis farmland surfaces under different land uses in Ulan Buh desert[J]. Soils, 2018, 50(3):606.
|
| [15] |
冯晓静,高焕文,李宏文,等.北京周边保护性耕作防治土壤风蚀效果监测研究[J].农机化研究, 2008(1):142. FENG Xiaojing, GAO Huanwen, LI Hongwen, et al.Monitoring and test of wind erosion in farm land around Beijing[J]. Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research, 2008(1):142.
|
| [16] |
董治宝,钱广强.关于土壤水分对风蚀起动风速影响研究的现状与问题[J].土壤学报, 2007,44(5):934. DONG Zhibao, QIAN Guangqiang. A Review on effect of soil moisture on wind erosion threshold velocity[J]. Acte Pedologica Sinica, 2007,44(5):934.
|
| [17] |
孙悦超,麻硕士,陈智,等.植被盖度和残茬高度对保护性耕作农田防风蚀效果的影响[J].农业工程学报,2010,26(8):156. SUN Yuechao, MA Shuoshi, CHEN Zhi, et al. Influences of vegetation coverage and residual stubble height on preventing resistance to wind erosion effect of conservation tillage farmland[J]. Transactions of the CSAE,2010,26(8):156.
|
| [18] |
王仁德,肖登攀,常春平,等.农田风蚀量随风速的变化[J].中国沙漠,2015, 35(5):1120. WANG Rende, XIAO Dengpan, CHANG Chunping, et al. Relation between wind erosion amount and wind velocity in farmland[J]. Journal of Desert Research, 2015,35(5):1120.
|
| [19] |
刘芳,郝玉光,辛智鸣,等.乌兰布和沙区不同下垫面的土壤风蚀特征[J].林业科学,2017,53(3):128. LIU Fang, HAO Yuguang, XIN Zhiming, et al. Charateristics of soil wind erosion under different underlying surface conditions in Ulanbuh desert[J]. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2017,53(3):128.
|
| [20] |
BUTTERFIELD,GRAEME R. Near-bed mass flux profiles in aeolian sand transport:High-resolution measurements in a wind tunnel[J].Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 1999, 24(5):393.
|
| [21] |
NI J R,LI Z S,MENDOZA C.Vertical profiles of aeolian sand mass flux[J].Geomorphology,2003,49:205.
|
| [22] |
王仁德,邹学勇,吴晓旭,等.半湿润区农田风蚀物垂直分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2009,23(5):39. WANG Rende, ZOU Xueyong, WU Xiaoxu, et al. The vertical distribution characteristics of farmland wind-erosion dust over semi-humid region[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2009,23(5):39.
|
|
|
|
