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| Study on soil and water conservation safety of small watershed in Beijing |
| QI Shi1, LIU Hui1, BI Chao2, LI Yue1, CHEN Fangxiao3, LI Shirong3, LU Daming3 |
1. Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering, Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China;
2. Beijing Linfengyuan Ecological Environment Planning and Designing Institute Co. Ltd., 100083, Beijing, China;
3. Beijing General Working Station of Soil and Water Conservation, 100036, Beijing, China |
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Abstract [Background] With the increasing of human activities in recent years, water security, non-point source pollution, the increase of soil erosion area has begun restricting the production activities of Beijing and people's daily life. Soil and water loss has seriously affected the capital's economic and social development and the improvement of people's production and living standards. Therefore, soil and water conservation has played an important role in the prevention and control of soil erosion, and improved the ecological environment of Beijing area. Soil and water conservation is the cornerstone of ensuring the development of the city of Beijing to the international metropolis, taking small watershed as the basic unit, it is necessary to realize the function orientation of different small watershed in the process of specific management, so it is very important to carry out the targeted management.[Methods] Total 1 085 small watersheds were taken as the research objects, taking "Three Safeties" (water source safety, flood control safety, and ecological safety) as the goal oriented, using the GIS technology and the method of principal component analysis and cluster analysis, the evaluation indexes of "water source safety", "flood control safety" and "ecological safety" were constructed respectively, the zones of soil and water conservation for "Three Safeties" in Beijing were divided, and the functional orientation of small watershed in different regions was put forward.[Results] The main problem of water source safety in Beijing small watershed was the pollution to water source, the area was 16%, and the water source in danger was 1.9%. The main problem in flood control safety zone was that mountain torrents occur easily, accounting for 25%. The main problem in ecological security zone was ecological hazard, accounting for 17.2%. From the comprehensive scoring of the "Three Safeties", the main problem in the plain area was water pollution and ecological risk, the double risks such as mountain water pollution-soil loss risk (2.2%), water pollution-mountain torrents prone (1%), water source danger-mountain torrents prone (0.9%) were the key area that needs to be focused on and governed.[Conclusions] Based on the current characteristics of Beijing city, we took the small watershed as the basic unit, with the guidance of "water source safety", "flood control safety" and "ecological safety", respectively, analyzed and evaluated the composition and decisive factors of each requirement, and finally selected and determined the index system according to the importance of various indicators. Taking landform type as the first-level regionalization index and "Three Safeties" as the second-level regionalization index, 2 first-level zones were obtained (plain zone and mountain zone), and 18 second-level zones were obtained.
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Received: 18 October 2017
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