Data compilation in China is currently one of weaknesses in soil and water conservation monitoring. In this paper we divide the process of data compilation into several stages, define the main content of each stage and put forward the quality control requirements with an objective of improving the work of data compilation in soil and water conservation monitoring. According to our proposal, the entire data compilation can be divided into four stages: compilation, examination, review and collection. The main content of each stage differs and so do their quality control emphases. At present, the countermeasures for data compilation in soil and water conservation monitoring are to immediately establish the system and technical standards of monitoring data compilation, to standardize management, to strengthen the quality control of compilation and technical training so as to improve the professional level of involved staff and their consciousness of quality, and finally to improve the quality of achievements of soil and water conservation monitoring.