|
|
|
| Influence of cement addition amount and maintenance duration on the erosion resistance for ecological restoration substrate |
| XIA Zhenyao1,2, HONG Huan1, GAO Feng1, SHAO Yanyan1, XIAO Hai1,2, YANG Yueshu1, LI Mingyi1, XU Wennian1,2 |
1. Key Laboratory of Geological Hazards on Three Gorges Reservoir Area(China Three Gorges University), Ministry of Education, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China;
2. Engineering Research Center of Eco-environment in Three Gorges Reservoir Region, Ministry of Education, 443002, Yichang, Hubei, China |
|
|
|
|
Abstract [Background] Engineering construction can not only promote social and economic development, but also easily cause various environmental geological problems, especially many exposed slopes caused by traffic, mining, hydropower, and other engineering construction. Artificial ecological restoration is carried out to limit the negative effects, and the cement is usually added as binder into the ecological restoration substrate to improve its erosion resistance, however, the effects of cement addition amounts and maintenance duration on the erosion resistance for ecological restoration substrate are still unclear. [Methods] The amounts of different cement (0, 2%, 4%, 6% and 8%) were added to per 100 kg of the yellow brown soil with 6% organic materials and 4% habitat substrate modifier improver. The uniformly mixed materials were packed in a self-made ring knife (105 mm in diameter and 50 mm in height) to obtain a bulk density of 1.35 g/cm3 and maintenance with different durations (0, 7, 15, 30 and 45 d). The scouring experiment was conducted to obtain detachment capacity under the hydraulic conditions of slope 20° and runoff 25 L/min, and the stability of soil aggregate was also tested. [Results] 1) The detachment capacity of the ecological restoration substrate gradually reduced with the increasing of the maintenance duration under the same amount of cement addition. The detachment capacity of ecological restoration substrate was large within the first 15 d and the first 7 d at the 2%, 4% and at 6%, 8% of cement addition amounts, respectively. In addition, the detachment capacity of the ecological restoration substrate also decreased with the increasing of cement addition amount and was characterized by a rapid decrease followed by a gradual decrease under the same maintenance duration. 2) The power functions well described the relationship between the detachment capacity of ecological restoration substrate and the maintenance duration under different amount of cement addition (R2>0.789). And the relationship between the detachment capacity of ecological restoration substrate and the cement addition amount also described by power functions for different maintenance duration (R2>0.861). 3) The Mean Weight Diameter (MWD) and Geometric Mean Diameter (GMD) for the ecological restoration substrate aggregates showed significantly difference within 0-15 d maintenance duration while no significantly difference after then. The MWD and GMD for the ecological restoration substrate aggregates showed significant difference between with and without cement addition, and significant difference was found within the 6% of cement addition amount while no significant difference between 6% and 8% of cement addition amount existed for most maintenance duration. The relationship between the detachment capacity of ecological restoration substrate and MWD and GMD can be described by using the power function. [Conclusions] The detachment capacity suppresses while the aggregate stability enhances after the cement added into the ecological restoration substrate.
|
|
Received: 25 September 2019
|
|
|
|
|
|
| [1] |
赵冰琴, 夏振尧, 许文年, 等. 工程扰动区边坡生态修复技术研究综述[J]. 水利水电技术, 2017, 48(2):130. ZHAO Bingqin, XIA Zhenyao, XU Wennian, et al. Review on research of slope eco-restoration technique for engineering disturbed area[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2017, 48(2):130.
|
| [2] |
夏振尧, 许文年, 王乐华. 植被混凝土生态护坡基材初期强度特性研究[J]. 岩土力学, 2011, 32(6):1719. XIA Zhenyao, XU Wennian, WANG Lehua. Research on characteristics of early strength of ecological slope-protected base material of vegetation-growing concrete[J]. Rock and Soil Mechanics, 2011, 32(6):1719.
|
| [3] |
张平仓, 程冬兵, 丁文峰. 长江科学院水土保持专业研究进展[J]. 长江科学院院报. 2015, 32(3):1. ZHANG Pingcang, CHENG Dongbing, DING Wenfeng. Research process of soil and water conservation in Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2015, 32(3):1.
|
| [4] |
LEI T W, NEARING M A, HAGHIGHI K, et al. Rill erosion and morphological evolution:A simulation model[J]. Water Resources Research, 1998, 34(11):3157.
|
| [5] |
唐科明, 张光辉, 孙珍玲. 草地土壤分离能力季节变化特征及其影响因素[J].中国水土保持科学, 2016, 14(6):18. TANG Keming, ZHANG Guanghui, SUN Zhenling.Seasonal variation in soil detachment capacity of grasslands and its influencing factors[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 14(6):18.
|
| [6] |
FOSTER G R, MEYER L D. Transport of soil particles by shallow flow[J]. Transactions of the American Society of Agricultural Engineers, 1972, 51(5):99.
|
| [7] |
李少华, 何丙辉, 李天阳, 等. 紫色土丘陵区生物埂不同植被类型土壤分离水动力学特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(3):70. LI Shaohua, HE Binghui, LI Tianyang, et al. Hydraulic characteristics of soil detachment under the terrace banks with different vegetation types in the purple hilly area[J]. Journal of Soil Water Conservation, 2019, 33(3):70.
|
| [8] |
DIMOYIANNIS D, VALMIS S, DANALATOS N G. Interrill erosion on cultivated Greek soils:Modelling sediment delivery[J]. Earth Surface Processes and Landforms, 2006, 31(8):940.
|
| [9] |
黄义瑞. 我国几类主要地面物质抗侵蚀性能初步研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 1980(1):43. HUANG Yirui. Preliminary study on erosion resistance of several main ground materials in China[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 1980(1):43.
|
| [10] |
RORKE B B. Soil erodibility and processes of water erosion on hillslope[J]. Geomorphology, 2000, 32(3):385.
|
| [11] |
史德明, 杨艳生, 姚宗虞. 土壤侵蚀调查方法中的侵蚀试验研究和侵蚀量测定问题[J].中国水土保持,1983(6):23. SHI Deming, YANG Yansheng, YAO Zongyu. Erosion test research and erosion measurement in soil erosion survey methods[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 1983(6):23.
|
| [12] |
郭培才, 王佑民. 黄土高原沙棘林地土壤抗蚀性及其指标的研究[J].西北林学院学报, 1989,4(1):80. GUO Peicai, WANG Youmin. Study on the calculation method of sediment retained by silt-arresters[J]. Journal of Northwestern College of Forestry, 1989, 4(1):80.
|
| [13] |
周正朝, 上官周平. 子午岭次生林植被演替过程的土壤抗冲性[J]. 生态学报, 2006, 26(10):3270 ZHOU Zhengchao, SHANGGUAN Zhouping. Soil anti-scouribility during vegetation succession of Ziwuling secondary forest[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2006, 26(10):3270.
|
| [14] |
陈晏, 史东梅, 文卓立, 等. 紫色土丘陵区不同土地利用类型土壤抗冲性特征研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2007, 21(2):24. CHEN Yan, SHI Dongmei, WEN Zhuoli, et al. Study on soil anti-erodibility of different land use types in purple soil hilly region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2007, 21(2):24.
|
| [15] |
ZHOU Mingtao, LI Tianqi, GAO Jiazhen, et al Erosion resistance and aggregate distribution characteristics of vegetation concrete[J]. Nature Environment and Pollution Technology, 2019(1):65.
|
| [16] |
KATZ A J, THOMPSON A H. Fractal sandstone pores:Implications for conductivity and pore formation[J]. Physical Review Letters, 1985, 54(12):1325.
|
| [17] |
黄义端, 田积莹, 雍绍萍, 等. 土壤内在性质对侵蚀影响的研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 1989, 3(3):9. HUANG Yirui, TIAN Jiying, YONG Shaoping, et al. The interior soil properties affecting soil erosion in Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1989,3(3):9.
|
| [18] |
郭璞. 黄河淤泥激活、固化及其粘土基胶凝材料的研究[D]. 郑州:郑州大学, 2011:6. GUO Pu. The research on activation, solidity of silt in the Yellow River and preparation of clay-based cementitious material[D]. Zhengzhou:Zhengzhou University, 2011:6.
|
| [19] |
YIN Y. WANG L, LIANG C H, et al. Soil aggregate stability and iron and aluminum oxide contents under different fertilizer treatments in a long-term solar greenhouse experiment[J]. Pedosphere, 2016, 26(5):760.
|
| [20] |
严耿升, 张虎元, 赵天宇, 等. 改性黄土内摩擦角变化研究[J]. 粉煤灰, 2009, 21(4):14. YAN Gengsheng, ZHANG Huyuan, ZHAO Tianyu, et al. Study of change of modified loess internal friction angle[J]. Coal Ash, 2009, 21(4):14.
|
|
|
|
