In order to explore the eco-environment vulnerability in functional regions of soil and water conservation in Shanxi Province, the distribution characteristics of the eco-environment vulnerability in different primary function regions of soil and water conservation were analyzed, and the key areas and measures in carrying out the ecological constructions of soil and water conservation were discussed according to the regionalization and data of soil and water conservation, by using the method of combining principal factor analysis, the expert evaluation analysis, and the analytic hierarchy process. The results showed that: 1) There was significant differences in the eco-environment vulnerability among different regions, and the vulnerability degree from high to low followed the order of sand interception and reduction region (severe vulnerability), soil conservation region (medium and severe vulnerability),wind prevention and sand fixation region (medium vulnerability), water storage and holding region (mild and medium vulnerability) and water conservation region ( mild vulnerability); 2 ) In the eco-environment construction in different soil and water conservation areas, the comprehensive governing should be regarded as the first priority in soil conservation region (medium and severe vulnerability), sand interception and reduction region (severe vulnerability) and wind prevention and sand fixation region (medium vulnerability), and prevention, protection and supervision were also very important in water storage and holding region (mild and medium vulnerability) and water conservation region (mild vulnerability).