Artificially excavated surfaces are common in construction project lands, and classification of them provides a basis for establishment of calculation methods for soil loss, as well as a technical support for controlling soil loss on them. Taking water erosion areas of eastern China as test background, and by field investigation of numerous kinds of construction projects located in different regions, including northeastern black soil areas, northern rocky mountainous areas, southwestern rocky mountain areas and southern red soil regions, the characteristics of artificially excavated surfaces and soil loss properties on them were analyzed, and a reasonable classification system proposed. According to the system, excavated surfaces are firstly classified into two categories, namely homogeneous surfaces and heterogeneous surfaces, in terms of texture and material composition. Then the surfaces are classified into confluence-impact and non-confluence-impact surfaces according to influences of confluence above excavated surfaces. Moreover, in terms of the periods for excavated surfaces exposed to air, surfaces are further classified into stable and non-stable types. At last, the application of the proposed classification system in prediction of soil loss was introduced. In general, our classification system not only overcomes limitation of the current classification for project slopes, but also supplies a basis for promotion of calculation models and methods for soil loss. In addition, the system can also be convenient to popularize and promote in grass-root units for soil and water conservation.