Evaluation of different restoration techniques and their effectiveness on coal gangue slopes in Wuhai city
HU Yuwen1, JIA Jianbo1, SHEN Xinshan1,2, WANG Ziyi3, ZHANG Mengjie4
1. College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 410004, Changsha, China; 2. Beijing Huaxia Oasis Ecological Environmental Engineering Co. Ltd., 100096, Beijing, China; 3. Xining Ta'ershan Forest Farm, 810007, Xining, China; 4. Hunan Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, 410004, Changsha, China
Abstract：[Background] The coal mining activities in Wuhai have resulted in a multitude of gangue slope management challenges. The efficacy and practicality of various restoration methods for ecological rehabilitation of these slopes remain undetermined. Identifying suitable restoration techniques for these slopes is crucial, as it can offer valuable insights for analogous slope restoration endeavors. [Methods] Four distinct restoration techniques were implemented on coal gangue slopes, each spanning 26-36 m in length. At various slope positions (upper, middle, and lower), 2 m×2 m plots were established to assess species composition, plant height, and vegetation coverage. Soil samples from the 30 cm were collected, and conventional analytical methods were employed to measure species diversity indices, vegetation water retention, and litter accumulation. The entropy value-TOPSIS model was subsequently applied to assess the restoration techniques. [Results] 1) The restoration of coal gangue slopes in this region has shown that legumes and composites thrive well, suggesting a strong local adaptability. 2) Compared to natural restoration, artificial restoration techniques not only increase vegetation height, coverage, and species diversity index but also enhance the water retention capacity of soil and vegetation and the ability of soil physicochemical properties. 3) The restoration method of covering soil + sowing shrub seeds + honeycomb chamber is the optimal restoration technique in this area. This technique improves vegetation coverage and water retention, having a significant positive effect on vegetation growth. [Conclusions] For future rehabilitation of coal gangue slopes in this area, it is advisable to focus on legumes and composites in plant selection and to adopt artificial restoration methods such as soil covering, grass seed broadcasting, and honeycomb cell matting. These techniques can substantially improve vegetation recovery and soil and water conservation in complex natural settings.
胡育文, 贾剑波, 申新山, 王子熠, 张梦杰. 乌海市煤矸石边坡不同修复技术及其效果评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(6): 116-125.
HU Yuwen, JIA Jianbo, SHEN Xinshan, WANG Ziyi, ZHANG Mengjie. Evaluation of different restoration techniques and their effectiveness on coal gangue slopes in Wuhai city. SSWC, 2024, 22(6): 116-125.
周勇, 杨越晴, 贾建忠, 等. 我国煤矸石堆场生态修复治理技术发展现状研究与展望[J]. 价值工程, 2023, 42(10): 160. ZHOU Yong, YANG Yueqing, JIA Jianzhong, et al.Development status of ecological restoration and treatment technology for coal gangue dumps in China[J]. Value Engineering, 2023, 42(10): 160.
[2]
康得军, 吕茳芏, 脱向银, 等. 煤矸石山覆土体系重金属污染特征及生态风险评价[J].环境工程, 2022, 40(9): 158. KANG Dejun, LÜ Jiangdu, TUO Xiangyin, et al.Pollution characteristics and ecological risk assessment of heavy metals in covering in covering soil system of a coal gangue hill[J]. Environment Engineering, 2022, 40(9): 158.
[3]
位蓓蕾, 胡振琪, 王晓军, 等.煤矸石山的自燃规律与综合治理工程措施研究[J].矿业安全与环保, 2016, 43(1): 92. WEI Beilei, HU Zhenqi, WANG Xiaojun, et al. Study on spontaneous combustion rule of gangue dump and its comprehensive control measures[J].Mining Safety & Environmental Protection, 2016, 43(1): 92.
[4]
赵国贞, 吕义清, 关军琪, 等. 底山村矸石山生态修复及其边坡稳定性分析[J]. 煤炭工程, 2021, 53(4): 152. ZHAO Guozhen, LÜ Yiqing, GUAN Junqi, et al.Ecological restoration and slope stability analysis of hillock in dishanvillage[J]. Coal Engineering, 2021, 53(4): 152.
[5]
牛桠枫, 周正朝. 煤矸石山立地条件及复垦技术研究进展[J].环境保护科学, 2015, 41(5): 147. NIU Yafeng, ZHOU Zhengchao. Progress in the study of site conditions and reclamation technologies of coal gangue dump[J].Environmental Protection Science, 2015, 41(5): 147.
[6]
焦赫, 李新举. 煤矸石充填复垦土壤细菌群落变化[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(10): 3332. JIAO He, LI Xinju.Variation in the soil bacterial community of reclaimed land filled with coal gangue[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(10): 3332.
[7]
符亚儒, 张继平, 董强, 等. 陕北沙区煤矸石废弃地的植被恢复技术研究[J]. 西北林学院学报, 2012, 27(5): 178. FU Yaru, ZHANG Jiping, DONG Qiang, et al. Vegetation restoration technologies in the coal gangue waste lands in sandy areas of northern Shaanxi[J]. Journal of Northwest Forestry University, 2012, 27(5): 178.
[8]
彭少麟, 陆宏芳.恢复生态学焦点问题[J].生态学报, 2003, 23(7): 1249. PENG Shaolin, LU Hongfang.Some key points of restoration ecology[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2003, 23(7): 1249.
[9]
胡振琪, 龙精华, 王新静. 论煤矿区生态环境的自修复、自然修复和人工修复[J]. 煤炭学报, 2014, 39(8): 1751. HU Zhenqi, LONG Jinghua, WANG Xinjing. Self-healing, natural restoration and artificial restoration of ecological environment for coal mining[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2014, 39(8): 1751.
[10]
朱琦, 聂欣然, 张勇, 等. 华北地区煤矸石山生态修复草本植物种优选[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2021, 43(8): 90. ZHU Qi, NIE Xinran, ZHANG Yong, et al.Selection of herb species for ecological restoration of coal gangue piles in North China[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2021, 43(8): 90.
[11]
王丽艳, 张成梁, 韩有志, 等. 煤矸石山不同植被恢复模式对土壤侵蚀和养分流失的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(2): 93. WANG Liyan, ZHANG Chengliang, HAN Youzhi, et al. Effects of different vegetation restoration patterns in gangue pile on soil erosion and nutrient loss[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 9(2): 93.
[12]
郝蓉, 白中科, 赵景逵, 等.黄土区大型露天煤矿废弃地植被恢复过程中的植被动态 [J].生态学报, 2003, 23(8): 1470. HAO Rong, BAI Zhongke, ZHAO Jingkui, et al.Vegetation dynamics during plant rehabilitation in degraded mined land of large opencast coal mine within loess area [J]. Acta EcologicaSinica, 2003, 23(8): 1470.
[13]
甄莉娜, 李侠, 李朕, 等. 煤矸石山不同植被根际可培养微生物数量的动态变化[J]. 草地学报, 2021, 29(6): 1224. ZHEN Lina, LI Xia, LI Zhen, et al. The culturable rhizosphere microorganism dynamics of different vegetation types in coal gangue dump[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2021, 29(6): 1224.
[14]
刘莹, 许丽, 丰菲, 等.乌海矿区矸石山边坡植被重建初期物种多样性及群落稳定性 [J].水土保持通报, 2021, 41(1): 190. LIU Ying, XU Li, FENG Fei, et al.Species diversity and community stability at early stage of vegetation reclamation in gangue hill slope of Wuhai mining area [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 41(1): 190.
[15]
吉增宝. 用数码照片和Photoshop计算植被覆盖度的简易方法[J]. 水土保持应用技术, 2015(5): 10. JI Zengbao.A simple method for calculating vegetation cover using digital photos and photoshop[J]. Technology of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015(5): 10.
[16]
石丽丽.京西石灰石采石场废弃地植被恢复效果及其评价研究 [D].北京: 北京林业大学, 2014: 52. SHI LiLi. Effects and evaluation of vegetation recovery for limestone quarry wasteland in western Beijing [D]. Beijing Forestry University, 2014: 52.
[17]
王芳, 李文慧, 林妍敏, 等. 1990—2020年黄河流域典型生态区生态环境质量时空格局及驱动力分析[J].环境科学, 2023, 44(5): 2518. WANG Fang, LI Wenhui, LIN Yanmin, et al.Spatiotemporal pattern and driving force analysis of ecological environmental quality in typical ecological areas of the Yellow River basin from 1990 to 2020[J]. Environmental Science, 2023, 44(5): 2518.
[18]
珊丹, 邢恩德, 荣浩, 等.草原矿区排土场不同植被配置类型生态恢复[J].生态学杂志, 2019, 38(2): 336. SHAN Dan, XING Ende, RONG Hao, et al.Ecological restoration of different vegetation collocations of coal mine dump in typical steppe [J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 2019, 38(2): 336.
[19]
蒋云清, 王国严, 黄梦月, 等.不同生态修复措施对藏东南工程边坡植被重建的作用 [J].水土保持通报, 2023, 43(5): 187. JIANG Yunqing, WANG Guoyan, HUANG Mengyue, et al. Effect of different ecological restoration measures on reconstruction of slope vegetation in southeastern Xizang autonomous region [J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023, 43(5): 187.
[20]
石占飞.神木矿区土壤理化性质与植被状况研究 [D].陕西杨凌: 西北农林科技大学, 2011: 30. SHI Zhanfei. Study on the soil physiochemical properties and vegetation in Shenmu mining area [D]. Yangling, Shaanxi: Northwest A&F University, 2011: 30.
[21]
王琼, 辜再元, 史春华, 等.废弃采石场植被自然恢复过程中物种多样性变化特征 [J].环境科学研究, 2009, 22(11): 1305. WANG Qiong, GU Zaiyuan, SHI Chunhua, et al. Variation characteristics of the species diversity of abandoned quarries during natural restoration process [J]. Research of Environmental Sciences, 2009, 22(11): 1305.
[22]
王丽艳, 韩有志, 张成梁.等.不同植被恢复模式下煤矸石山复垦土壤性质及煤矸石风化物的变化特征[J]. 生态学报, 2011, 31(21): 6429. WANG Liyan, HAN Youzhi, ZHANG Chengliang, et al.Reclaimed soil properties and weathered gangue change characteristics under various vegetation types on gangue pile [J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2011, 31(21): 6429.
[23]
刘元生, 陈祖拥, 刘方, 等.自然恢复植被对煤矸石基质有效性养分及微生物群落多样性的影响 [J].中国水土保持科学, 2023, 21(1): 47. LIU Yuansheng, CHEN Zuyong, LIU Fang, et al. Effects ofnaturally-restored vegetation on the available nutrients and microbial community diversity of coal gangue matrix [J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023, 21(1): 47.
2024, Vol. 22 
