河南桐柏山区桐柏县土壤侵蚀时空变化及地形效应

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2024086

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摘要为了探究桐柏山区典型区域土壤侵蚀时空变化特征及其与地形因子的关系,为区域水源涵养和水土流失综合治理提供参考,以桐柏山区桐柏县为研究区域,基于中国土壤流失方程定量分析2018—2022年其土壤侵蚀时空变化特征,并从高程、坡度和坡向分析土壤侵蚀的地形效应。结果表明:1)研究区轻度及其以上土壤侵蚀面积持续减少,降幅达5.26%,轻度、极强烈及剧烈侵蚀均呈现下降趋势;2)轻度及其以上侵蚀主要发生在海拔＞0~400m、坡度＞2°~15°,且土壤侵蚀等级的面积所占比例均随着高程的增加而降低,随着坡度的增加呈现出先升后降的趋势,坡向间分布没有明显差异;3)高程、坡度对土壤侵蚀空间分布具有较大影响,相同坡向条件下,土壤侵蚀量变异系数随高程的增加呈下降趋势且差异逐渐增大,随坡度增加而呈现先增后减趋势、变异系数由正转负;高程－坡度效应表现较为复杂,随着坡度增加,在>800m高程时,土壤侵蚀量逐渐增高,但增长幅度降低,在<800m时,土壤侵蚀量先增后降。综上,研究区在<400m高程、＞6°~15°坡度范围更易发生土壤侵蚀,高程－坡度效应对土壤侵蚀的影响最大。

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	陆威
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	王海洋
	郭家瑜

关键词 ：土壤侵蚀, 时空变化, 地形效应, 桐柏山区

Abstract：[Background] Exploring the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion and its relationship with topographic factors in typical areas of the Tongbai Mountain region can provide valuable insights for regional water conservation and comprehensive soil erosion management. [Methods] This study focuses on Tongbai county in the Tongbai Mountain region. It uses the Chinese Soil Loss Equation to quantitatively analyze the spatiotemporal characteristics of soil erosion from 2018 to 2022, and examines the topographic effects on soil erosion in terms of elevation, slope, and aspect. [Results] 1) The area of mild and above soil erosion in the study region has continuously decreased, with a reduction rate of 5.26%, and mild, extremely severe, and severe erosion all showed a declining trend; 2) Mild and above erosion primarily occurs at elevations of ＞0-400 m and slopes of ＞2°-15°. The proportion of soil erosion area decreases with increasing elevation and initially increases and then decreases with increasing slope, with no significant differences in distribution across aspects; 3) Elevation and slope have a significant impact on the spatial distribution of soil erosion. Under the same aspect conditions, the coefficient of variation for soil erosion decreases with increasing elevation, and the differences gradually widen. As slope increases, the coefficient of variation initially rises and then falls, transitioning from positive to negative. The elevation-slope effect is more complex: with increasing slope, soil erosion tends to increase >800 m in elevation, but the growth rate diminishes, while <800 m, soil erosion first increases and then decreases. [Conclusions] In the study area, soil erosion is more likely to occur at elevations <400 m and within a slope range of ＞6°-15°, with the elevation-slope effect having the greatest impact on soil erosion.

Key words： soil erosion spatiotemporal variation terrain effect Tongbai Mountain Region

收稿日期: 2024-06-14

PACS:

S157

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"坡式经济林地土壤水分运移动态及内在机理"(32071840);水利部重点项目"基于遥感和CSLE模型的淮河流域重点区域水土流失监测评价"(SBJ2018010)

通讯作者: 孙蕾(1985-),女,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:土壤退化与水土保持。E-mail:LS2015@njfu.edu.cn E-mail: LS2015@njfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 陆威(1999-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:水土保持监测与评价。E-mail:1073672170@qq.com

引用本文:

陆威, 杜晨曦, 郑伊铃, 齐斐, 孙蕾, 王海洋, 郭家瑜. 河南桐柏山区桐柏县土壤侵蚀时空变化及地形效应[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(6): 41-51.
LU Wei, DU Chenxi, ZHENG Yiling, QI Fei, SUN Lei, WANG Haiyang, GUO Jiayu. Spatiotemporal variation and topographic effects of soil erosion in Tongbai county, Tongbai Mountain Region of Henan. SSWC, 2024, 22(6): 41-51.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2024086 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2024/V22/I6/41

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