Abstract：[Background] Gravity erosion is one of the prevalent types of soil erosion in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau, which causes a large amount of soil erosion and serious harm. Gravity erosion inducing factors are very numerous and have complex interrelationships, which makes it difficult to study. Figuring out the environment in which gravity erosion exists and occurs, so as to construct more scientific and effective prevention and control methods, is an issue that needs to be solved urgently in the current research on soil erosion in hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau. [Methods] We systematically studied the spatial distribution of 78 landslides, 26 collapses, and 108 slumps, the quantitative characteristics of erosion, and the relationship between erosion and gully in Wangjiagou watershed of Lüliang city, Shanxi province, by using unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) measurements, remote sensing interpretation, and field surveys. [Results] 1) Gully types had an impact on the extent of gravity erosion hazards. The classification of gully types was helpful in identifying areas where gravity erosion was active, with head-water gullies and valley-side gullies accounting for 88.5% and 81.4% of the corresponding number of gullies in the study area in terms of gravity erosion weight and area, respectively. 2) There was a correlation between gravity erosion and gully slope, and it showed significant variability in different types of gullies. The region of slope 30°-60° was the most serious area of gravity erosion in the hill-side gullies and head-water gullies, respectively, with approximately 2.57 and 1.19 times higher occurrence rate than the other regions. Gravity erosion in valley-side gullies and head-water gullies mainly occurred in the region of slope 0-30°. 3) The level of damage and type of occurrence of gravity erosion varied significantly across slope composition types, which may be directly related to the types of soils that make up the slope and the spatial distribution of soils. [Conclusions] This study revealed the main areas and environments where gravity erosion exists and occurs in the loess hilly gully area, and by classifying the gully and slope refinement, the degree of influence of the gully-slope system on gravity erosion could be further quantified, which may provide a theoretical basis for the prevention and management of gravity erosion in the hilly-gully region of Loess Plateau.
刘林, 薛丽萍, 崔峰, 刘韵, 王小平. 黄土丘陵沟壑区典型小流域沟道类型和坡面组成对重力侵蚀的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2024, 22(5): 63-71.
LIU Lin, XUE Liping, CUI Feng, LIU Yun, WANG Xiaoping. Influence of gully type and slope composition on the gravity erosion of typical small basins in the hilly and gully areas of the Loess Plateau. SSWC, 2024, 22(5): 63-71.
朱冰冰, 霍云霈, 周正朝. 黄土高原坡沟系统植被格局对土壤侵蚀影响研究进展[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2021, 19(4):149. ZHU Bingbing, HUO Yunpei, ZHOU Zhengchao. Research progress in impact of vegetation pattern on soil erosion in the slope-gully system of the Loess Plateau[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2021, 19(4):149.
[2]
赵超, 王书芳, 徐向舟, 等. 重力侵蚀黄土沟壑区沟坡产沙特性[J]. 农业工程学报, 2012, 28(12):140. ZHAO Chao, WANG Shufang, XU Xiangzhou, et al. Effect of gravity erosion on process of soil loss from gully in Loess Ravine region[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2012, 28(12):140.
[3]
张茜茜, 龚家国, 王浩, 等. 黄土区重力侵蚀研究进与展望[J]. 水利水电技术, 2022, 53(12):172. ZHANG Qianqian, GONG Jiaguo, WANG Hao, et al. Study on progress and prospect of gravity erosion in loess region[J]. Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering, 2022,53(12):172.
[4]
XU Xiangzhou, LIU Zhaiyi, XIAO Peiqing, et al. Gravity erosion on the steep loess slope: Behavior, trigger and sensitivity[J]. Catena, 2015, 135: 231.
[5]
BAO Han, TANG Ming, LAN Hengxing, et al. Soil erosion and its causes in high-filling body: A case study of a valley area on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Mountain Science, 2023, 20(1):182.
[6]
陈安强, 张丹, 范建容, 等. 元谋干热河谷区沟蚀发育阶段与崩塌类型的关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2011, 9(4):1. CHEN Anqiang, ZHANG Dan, FAN Jianrong, et al. Relationship between gullying development stage and collapse type in Yuanmou Dry-Hot Valley area[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 9(4):1.
[7]
李阳, 张建军, 魏广阔, 等. 晋西黄土区极端降雨后浅层滑坡调查及影响因素分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022, 36(5):44. LI Yang, ZHANG Jianjun, WEI Guangkuo, et al. Investigation of shallow landslide after extreme rainfall and analysis of its influencing factors in the west Shanxi loess region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 36(5):44.
[8]
余璐, 徐向舟, 张茂省, 等. 黄土高原重力侵蚀对地貌因素的敏感性分析[J]. 水土保持学报, 2019, 33(4):119. YU Lu, XU Xiangzhou, ZHANG Maosheng, et al. Sensitivity analysis of gravity erosion to topography factors on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2019, 33(4):119.
[9]
张座雄, 刘兴荣, 王之君, 等. 黄土滑坡型泥石流主要影响因素研究进展[J]. 中国水土保持, 2023(9):50. ZHANG Zuoxiong, LIU Xingrong, WANG Zhijun, et al. Research progress on the main influence factors of the loess landslide-induced debris flow[J]. Soil and Water Conservation in China, 2023(9):50.
[10]
巨玉文, 齐琼, 董震, 等. 山西西部地区黄土地质灾害与降雨的关联性分析[J]. 自然灾害学报, 2016, 25(1):81. JU Yuwen, QI Qiong, DONG Zhen, et al. Analysis of relevance between loess geological disasters and rainfalls in the western area of Shanxi province[J]. Journal of Natural Disasters, 2016, 25(1):81.
[11]
冯乐涛, 吴玮江, 刘兴荣, 等. 黄土高原降水入渗方式与引发滑坡研究:以甘肃黄土地区为例[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2023, 23(14):5937. FENG Letao, WU Weijiang, LIU Xingrong, et al. Precipitation infiltration modes and landslides in the Loess Plateau: A case study of Gansu loess area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering, 2023, 23(14):5937.
[12]
陈永宗. 黄河中游黄土丘陵区的沟谷类型[J].地理科学, 1984, 4(4): 321. Chen Yongzong. The classification of gully in hilly loess region in the middle reaches of the Yellow River[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1984, 4(4): 321.
[13]
刘林, 王小平, 孙瑞卿. 半干旱黄土丘陵沟壑区沟道侵蚀特征研究[J]. 水土保持研究, 2015, 22(1):38. LIU Lin, WANG Xiaoping, SUN Ruiqing. Analysis on the feature of gully erosion in semiarid Loess Plateau[J]. Research of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 22(1):38.
[14]
张楠, 张岩, 王佳希, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区小流域侵蚀沟数量及形态特征[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023, 37(3):109. ZHANG Nan, ZHANG Yan, WANG Jiaxi, et al. Quantity and morphological parameters of gullies in small watersheds in the Hilly-gully Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023, 37(3):109.
[15]
王琼, 方怒放. 切沟形态特征无人机倾斜摄影测量[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(8):107. WANG Qiong, FANG Nufang. Monitoring the morphological characteristics of gully using UAV oblique photogrammetry[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2022, 38(8):107.
[16]
喻涵, 周子渊, 王一, 等. 极端暴雨下典型小流域重力侵蚀的分布及影响因素[J]. 水土保持学报, 2023, 37(4):69. YU Han, ZHOU Ziyuan, WANG Yi, et al. Distribution and influencing factors of gravitational erosion in typical small watershed under extreme rainstorm[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2023,37(4):69.
[17]
潘文明, 王德高. 基于无人机低空航摄的典型地质灾害识别研究:以滑坡、泥石流、崩塌为例[J]. 宿州学院学报, 2021, 36(12):53. PAN Wenming, WANG Degao. Identification of typical geological hazards based on low altitude aerial photography by unmanned aerial vehicles:Taking landslide, debris flow and collapse as examples[J]. Journal of Suzhou University, 2021, 36(12):53.
[18]
李小光, 郭少武, 宋星杰, 等. 基于ArcGIS的露天矿山土石方量测算方法研究[J]. 金属矿山, 2020(12):210. LI Xiaoguang, GUO Shaowu, SONG Xingjie, et al. Study on calculation methods of earthwork volume in open-pit mines based on ArcGIS[J]. Metal Mine, 2020(12):210.
[19]
陈超, 齐斐, 徐雁南, 等. 基于空间自相关的县域尺度土壤侵蚀抽样方法研究[J]. 南京林业大学学报(自然科学版), 2022, 46(3):177. CHEN Chao, QI Fei, XU Yannan, et al. Sampling methods of soil erosion at county scale based on spatial autocorrelation[J]. Journal of Nanjing Forestry University(Natural Sciences Edition), 2022, 46(3):177.
[20]
曾伯庆, 马文中, 张治国, 等. 三趾马红土泻溜侵蚀规律研究[J]. 中国水土保持, 1991(7):21. ZENG Boqing, MA Wenzhong, ZHANG Zhiguo, et al. Study on erosion of slumping in Sanzhima red clay area[J]. Soil and Water Conservation In China, 1991(7):21.
[21]
ZHU Tongxing. Gully and tunnel erosion in the hilly Loess Plateau region, China[J]. Geomorphology, 2012, 153/154:144.
[22]
刘林, 李金峰, 王小平. 黄土高原沟壑丘陵区沟道侵蚀与洞穴侵蚀特征[J].水土保持通报, 2015, 35(1):106. LIU Lin, LI Jinfeng, WANG Xiaoping. Features on gully erosion and tunnel erosion in loess hilly and gully region[J]. Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation, 2015, 35(1):106.
[23]
王壮壮, 黄强兵, 刘悦, 等. 吕梁地区不同地层结构黄土边坡坡脚开挖效应[J]. 科学技术与工程, 2020, 20(7):2590. WANG Zhuangzhuang, HUANG Qiangbing, LIU Yue, et al. Toe excavation effect of loess slope with different stratigraphic structures in Lüliang area[J]. Science Technology and Engineering,2020, 20(7):2590.
[24]
邢书昆, 张光辉, 王滋贯, 等. 黄土丘陵沟壑区浅层滑坡和崩塌形态特征与发育临界地形[J]. 水土保持学报, 2022, 36(2):106. XING Shukun, ZHANG Guanghui, WANG Ziguan, et al. Morphological characteristics and critical topography of shallow landslide and collapse in hilly and gully region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2022, 36(2):106.
[25]
GAO Hang, XU Xiangzhou, ZHANG Hongwu, et al. How effective is vegetation in reducing gravity erosion on loess gully sidewall under intense rainfalls?[J]. Land Degradation and Development, 2020, 31(17):2605.
[26]
张岩, 高驰宇, 杨瑾, 等. 基于历史卫星影像估算黄土丘陵区冲沟发育速率[J]. 农业工程学报, 2022, 38(1):109. ZHANG Yan, GAO Chiyu, YANG Jin, et al. Estimating the gully growth rate in the hilly Loess Plateau using historical satellite images[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 2022, 38(1):109.
[27]
洪勃, 唐亚明, 冯卫, 等. 吕梁山区马兰黄土抗剪强度参数的区域变化规律及其影响因素试验研究[J]. 西北地质, 2023, 56(2):272. HONG Bo, TANG Yaming, FENG Wei, et al. Regional variation and influencing factors of shear strength parameters of Malan Loess in Lüliang area[J]. Northwestern Geology, 2023, 56(2):272.
[28]
黄强兵, 康孝森, 王启耀, 等. 山西吕梁黄土崩滑类型及发育规律[J]. 工程地质学报, 2016, 24(1):64. HUANG Qiangbing, KANG Xiaosen, WANG Qiyao, et al. Types and characteristics of loess landslides and collapses in Lüliang area of Shanxi province[J]. Journal of Engineering Geology, 2016, 24(1):64.
2024, Vol. 22 
