Comparative analysis of different measurement principles of water turbidity
LI Hong1,2, BAO Yuhai1, HE Xiubin1
1. Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 610299, Chengdu, China; 2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Turbidity is one of the important indexes of water quality detection in rivers, lakes, and reservoirs. As a common instrument and equipment for water turbidity measurement, the turbidity meter has a wide variety of measurement methods. In the current water quality evaluation work, the applicable conditions and scope of the turbidity meter are often ignored, and the true turbidity of the water body cannot be obtained,This paper summarizes numerous literature, sorts out the advantages and disadvantages of various measurement methods of turbidity, and helps readers to choose turnitacturometer in an appropriate environment.[Methods] In the measurement method of turbidity, the calculation method, remote sensing inversion method, analogy method, turbidification method and photoelectric detection method are obtained. The calculation method calculates the turbidity through the sediment chlorophyll in the water, and the remote sensing inversion method is to reverse the turbidity by using the empirical model. The comparison method is to replace the turbidity. The photoelectric detection method is to obtain the turbidity by judging the light intensity absorbed or reflected by the liquid to be measured. When the turbidity value of the tested solution is >10 000, a desktop laboratory neopidometer can be used to determine the diluted tested liquid.[Results] From the selection of turbidimeter light source, the color, stability, luminescence intensity, measurement of particles and optical system of tungsten halogen lamp and infrared LED are analyzed. The comparison shows that infrared LED has wider applicability. Measurement methods are divided into indirect measurement and direct measurement, indirect method is divided into calculation method, remote sensing inversion method, analogy method. Direct measurement methods include:turbidimetric method, photoelectric detection method. The current commonly used method is photoelectric detection method in direct measurement. According to the optical path principle of photoelectric detection method, incident light can be divided into transmitted light, scattered light and transmitted scattered light, among which the scattered light can be divided into 90° scattering method, rear scattering method, front scattering method, surface scattering method, underwater scattering method, etc. Based on the principle of turbidity measurement, the upper limit of commercially available turbidity meters is 9 999 NTU. When the turbidity of water sample is greater than the upper limit, in order to meet the needs of emergency detection, the bench laboratory turbidity meter (measuring range 0~9 999 NTU) can be used for dilution determination of high turbidity water sample. For different application scenarios, laboratory, on-site online and portable have their own characteristics.[Conclusions] 1) For the turbidimeter's light source, infrared LED stability and optical system are more stable.2) The transmission formula, 90° scattering formula, back scattering formula and surface scattering formula are applicable to water bodies with turbidity >2 000, <2 000, 10~4 000 and <1 000 NTU The transmission scattering type sensitivity is high, but the measurement range is limited3) In different application scenarios, the accuracy of the field is second only to the laboratory; portable accuracy and measurement range are limited.In the present paper summarizes the applicability of turbidity meter in different measuring principles, points out the methods and instruments suitable for turbidity monitoring in different water bodies, and provides reference for water quality monitoring and evaluation.
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2023, Vol. 21 
