乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段风沙土有机质和碳酸钙含量特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.01.006

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摘要土壤有机质和碳酸钙与土壤风蚀可蚀性密切相关，深刻地影响着土壤风蚀过程。以乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段风沙土为研究对象，分析不同沙丘类型和沙丘部位土壤有机质和碳酸钙的含量特征及其相互关系。研究结果显示：1）乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段流动、半固定、固定沙丘土壤有机质质量分数分别为1.71%、1.57%和2.21%，碳酸钙质量分数分别为0.10%、0.11%和0.16%；随着沙丘的固定，土壤有机质和碳酸钙质量分数均显著增加（P<0.05）。2）流动沙丘丘间地土壤有机质和碳酸钙质量分数显著高于迎风坡（P<0.05），半固定沙丘迎风坡土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量显著高于背风坡（P<0.05），固定沙丘背风坡和丘间地有机质和碳酸钙质量分数显著高于迎风坡（P<0.05）。3）风沙土有机质和碳酸钙质量分数存在极显著幂函数正相关关系（R²=0.809，P<0.01）。植被盖度和风蚀状况是不同沙丘类型和沙丘部位土壤有机质和碳酸钙含量差异的主要原因。

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	阿拉萨
	王陇
	高广磊
	张英
	曹红雨
	杜宇佳
	刘雪锋

关键词 ：土壤有机质, 土壤碳酸钙, 土壤风蚀, 可蚀性, 乌兰布和沙漠

Abstract：[Background] Soil organic matter (SOM) plays the role of binder in the formation of soil aggregates. The increase of calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content can greatly reduce the lumpiness and stability of soil by changing the structure of soil microaggregates. However, some studies show that the increase of CaCO₃ content can also enhance the stability of soil through bonding. There is scarce precipitation, serious soil coarsening and frequent sandstorm weather in Ulan Buh desert, which limits the regional social and economic development.[Methods] The study was conducted in Ulan Buh Desert along the Yellow River. Three mobile, 3 semi-fixed and 3 fixed dunes were randomly selected, and three 1 m×1 m were randomly set up on the windward slope, hilltop, leeward slope and fields between dunes. Aeolian topsoil (0-5 cm) was selected by five-spot-sampling method. SOM content was determined using potassium dichromate volumetric method, while CaCO₃ content was measured using a calcium ion concentration meter. IBM SPSS 24 software was used for ANOVA. The least significant difference method was used to analyze the content of SOM and CaCO₃ of soil at different positions of dunes and in different types of dunes (α=0.05).[Results] 1) SOM contents of the soils in the mobile, semi-fixed, and fixed dunes were 17.14, 15.67, 22.13 g/kg and CaCO₃ contents were 0.98, 1.06, 1.57 g/kg, respectively. During sand dune fixation, SOM and CaCO₃ increased significantly (P<0.05). 2) In mobile dunes, the contents of SOM of topsoil at windward slope, hilltop, leeward slope and fields between dunes were 13.43, 16.06, 19.59, 19.91 g/kg, while the contents of CaCO₃ were 0.73, 0.80, 1.28, 1.21 g/kg, respectively. In semi-fixed dunes, the contents of SOM were 23.33, 17.32, 7.28, 10.91 g/kg, while the contents of CaCO₃ were 1.77, 1.05, 0.28, 0.78 g/kg, respectively. In fixed dunes, the contents of SOM were 17.55, 22.35, 25.31, 24.13 g/kg, while the contents of CaCO₃ were 1.43, 1.59, 1.70, 1.58 g/kg, respectively. 3) In mobile dunes, semi-fixed dunes, fixed dunes and on average level, the contents of CaCO₃ were positively correlative with the content of SOM by power function (R²=0.761, 0.873, 0.693, 0.809, P<0.01). In addition, with the increase of SOM content, the increase rate of CaCO₃ content in aeolian sandy soil of mobile dune and semi-fixed dune increased, while that of fixed dune slowed down.[Conclusions] Vegetation coverage and wind erosion intensity are the main reasons for the difference of SOM and CaCO₃ contents in different dune types and different positions. SOM plays an important role in the formation of CaCO₃. The conclusions can reveal the change rule of SOM and CaCO₃ during dune fixation, and deeply understand the wind erosion process of Ulan Buh Desert along the Yellow River.

Key words： soil organic matter soil calcium carbonate soil wind erosion erodibility Ulan Buh Desert

收稿日期: 2019-12-31

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目"基于低覆盖度理论的防沙治新材料、新装备、新技术研发"（2018YFC0507101）；国家自然科学基金"风沙土可蚀性特征及其量化模型研究"（31600583）

通讯作者: 高广磊(1986-),男,博士,副教授。主要研究方向:荒漠化防治,荒漠生态学。E-mail:gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: gaoguanglei@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 阿拉萨(1997-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:荒漠化防治。E-mail:alasa@bjfu.edu.cn

引用本文:

阿拉萨, 王陇, 高广磊, 张英, 曹红雨, 杜宇佳, 刘雪锋. 乌兰布和沙漠沿黄段风沙土有机质和碳酸钙含量特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(1): 41-47.
A Lasa, WANG Long, GAO Guanglei, ZHANG Ying, CAO Hongyu, DU Yujia, LIU Xuefeng. Content characteristics of organic matter and calcium carbonate of aeolian soils in Ulan Buh Desert along the Yellow River. SSWC, 2022, 20(1): 41-47.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.01.006 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I1/41

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