Abstract：[Background] China has the largest area of desertification (about 27.2% of its land area) and is one of the most severely affected by windblown sand hazards in the world. Ningxia is located in northwest China with a very dry climate and is one of the worst desertification areas in China. In order to prevent desertification in Ningxia, the introduction of ecological and multi-functional sand-fixing materials is of a great significance, because it has been proved to be very effective and a trend towards desertification control in the future. Therefore, two new biological sand-fixing materials developed by Xiamen University will be tested, and the best one will be chosen for desertification control in Ningxia.[Methods] Two biological sand-fixing materials (biological calcium fertilizer and biological ammonium fertilizer) were sprayed on the surface of sand according to different application amount (40 g/m2, 60 g/m2, 100 g/m2, and 140 g/m2), and their effects on water retention, seed growth, crust compressive strength and pH value were tested by a pot incubation method. The obtained data were mainly analyzed by ANOVA and plotted methods. The water retention of the sand-fixing materials was measured by weighing method, the compressive strength of the crust was measured by surcharge loading method, and the pH value of the crust was measured using a pHs-3C precision acidity meter.[Results] 1) Compared with the CK (control), both the sand-fixing materials had significant water retention effect. The water retention effect of the biological ammonium fertilizer was better than the biological calcium fertilizer under the application amount of 140 g/m2, and the process of water loss was in accordance with power function. 2)When the application amount were 100 g/m2 and 140 g/m2, the biological ammonium fertilizer inhibited the germination of Caragana korshinskii seeds, which were 28% and 50% lower than that of the CK, respectively. However, the germination of the seeds of C. korshinskii was promoted by the biological calcium fertilizer, 12% and 16% higher than that of CK. 3) Both the sand-fixing materials formed a fine crust, and when the application amount were 100 g/m2 and 140 g/m2, the compressive strength of the crust of biological calcium fertilizer was significantly higher than that of the biological ammonium fertilizer, 59.14% and 100.68% higher respectively. 4) The crust pH value of the biological ammonium fertilizer was significantly lower than that of the calcium fertilizer (5.63% lower than the calcium fertilizer on average), but all of them were lower than CK (18.58% lower on average) under different application amount.[Conclusions] A comprehensive analysis shows that the performance of the biological calcium fertilizer is better than the biological ammonium fertilizer, and the optimal application dose of the biological calcium fertilizer is 140 g/m2.
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2020, Vol. 18 
