金沙江流域大型梯级水库对水沙变化的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.05.005

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摘要金沙江流域是长江上游的重要组成部分，近年来流域内新建了一系列梯级水库，但这些水库对该流域水沙变化的影响尚不清晰。作者研究旨在分析金沙江流域径流和输沙的时空分布特征，并探讨大型梯级水库建设对金沙江流域水沙变化的影响。利用中国长江三峡集团公司在该流域1965-2016年的水沙监测数据，以及近年来对梯级水库冲淤情况的监测结果，结合Mann-Kendall秩相关检验法等进行统计分析。结果表明：金沙江中上游的水沙输出呈上升趋势，1998年之后其年均径流和输沙较之前分别提高15.27%和5.01%，该类区域的水土保持措施有待加强；下游攀枝花至白鹤滩区间（不含雅砻江）产沙量占流域总量的36.40%，是金沙江流域的主产沙区，也是控沙的核心区域；下游输沙呈显著减少趋势，1998年后下游年均输沙减少38.55%，这主要归因于中下游河段溪洛渡、向家坝等一系列梯级水库的建设和运行，与此同时该地区水土保持工程也产生了一定的减沙效应。本研究表明金沙江流域水沙的时空变化复杂，大型梯级水库对金沙江下游出口输沙量减少的贡献在95%以上。

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	陆传豪
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关键词 ：梯级水库, 水沙变化, 河流冲淤, 金沙江

Abstract：[Background] The Jinsha River is an important basin in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River. In recent years, many cascade reservoirs have been built in the basin, but the effects of these reservoirs on the variation of runoff and sediment load are not very clear. This study aims to explore the temporal and spatial variation characteristics of runoff and sediment load in study area.[Methods] The data of runoff and sediment load from year 1965 to 2016, and the data of reservoir erosion and siltation in recent years measured by China Three Gorges Corporation, and combined with the method of Mann-Kendall trend test, etc., were applied to analyze the characteristics of runoff and sediment load.[Results] The output of runoff and sediment load in the upper and middle reaches of Jinsha River Vasin was on the rising tendency, after 1998, its annual runoff and sediment increased by 15.27% and 5.01% respectively, indicating that soil and water conservation in these areas needed to be strengthened. The section between Panzhihua and Baihetan (excluding the Yalong River) was the main sediment producing area on the Jinsha River basin, its sediment output accounted for 36.40% of total, and thus this area was the core area when considering sediment load control. Sediment output in the downstream was obviously reduced, its annual sediment decreased by 38.55% after 1998, which was mainly attributed to the construction of the 4 giant cascade reservoirs, meanwhile, the soil and water conservation projects also produced a certain sediment reduction effect.[Conclusions] Our results show that the spatial and spatial and temporal variation variation of runoff and sediment load in Jinsha River Basin are complicated, and the contribution of large cascade reservoirs to the reduction of sediment transport of Jinsha River is over 95%.

Key words： cascade reservoir runoff and sediment load variation river scouring and silting Jinsha River

收稿日期: 2018-05-24

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:中科院成都山地灾害与环境研究所135战略项目（No.SDS-135-1702）；国家自然科学基金"气候变化对紫色土容许土壤流失量的影响"（41471232）

通讯作者: 刘刚才(1967-),男,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:水土保持与植被恢复。E-mail:liugc@imde.ac.cn E-mail: liugc@imde.ac.cn

作者简介: 陆传豪(1988-),男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:luchh@foxmail.com

引用本文:

陆传豪, 董先勇, 唐家良, 刘刚才. 金沙江流域大型梯级水库对水沙变化的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(5): 36-43.
LU Chuanhao, DONG Xianyong, TANG Jialiang, LIU Gangcai. Impacts of large cascade reservoirs on runoff and sediment load variations in Jinsha River Basin. SSWC, 2019, 17(5): 36-43.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2019.05.005 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2019/V17/I5/36

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