Abstract：[Background] Research on the composition of aggregates and the distribution of organic carbon in soil will be beneficial for understanding the interaction between soil structure and function at the molecular scale.[Methods] Three typical artificially restored forests after a 30-year restoration in degraded red soil were selected in this study, which were Pinus massoniana-multiple layer broadleaf forest (PB), Schima superba-Pinus massoniana mixed forest (SP), and broadleaf forest (BF), respectively. Methods of dry sieve and wet sieve were applied to investigate the composition of aggregates and the distribution of organic carbon in different layers (0-60 cm) of soil in each of the three forests, following which the correlations between soil aggregate organic carbon and soil total organic carbon were also determined.[Results]For all three forests, particles larger than 2 mm in diameter constituted more than 60% of mechanical-stable aggregates in soil, while particles less than 0.05 mm in diameter made up the majority of water-stable aggregates in soil. The broken rate of aggregate structure in the three forests ranked as:BF (53.38%-84.27%) > SP (52.22%-70.86%) > PB (22.0%-47.83%). The organic carbon mass fractions of both mechanical-and water-stable aggregates were the highest in the soil of PB. Along with the increase of soil depth, organic carbon mass fraction of soil aggregates all showed a decreasing trend in the three forests. Compared with the total organic carbon at all soil layers, macro water-stable aggregates (>0.25 mm in diameter) had higher organic carbon mass fraction, while micro water-stable aggregates (<0.25 mm in diameter) showed lower mass fraction, suggesting that organic carbon may play an active role in the formation and the water-stability of macro aggregates. Furthermore, soil aggregate organic carbon showed a positive correlation with soil total organic carbon.[Conculsions] PB had the best quantity and quality of soil aggregates among the three forests, which can be attributed to the high density and coverage of shrubs/herbs. Therefore, to accelerate the improvement of soil structure and the recovery of soil functions in degraded lands, we should increase the input of organic carbon by appropriately creating a higher density and coverage of shrubs/herbs at the early stage of forest restoration, which would promote the formation and the stability of soil aggregates. This may provide a scientific basis for the selection and optimal allocation of forest types in the restoration of degraded red soil in the south of China.
朱红球,谢振华,李红.衡阳紫色土丘陵坡地土地退化/恢复过程中土壤水稳性团聚体的动态变化[J].中国农学通报,2013,29(35):289. ZHU Hongqiu, XIE Zhenhua, LI Hong. Dynamic change of water stable aggregate in land degradation/restoration process on sloping-land with purple soils in Hengyang[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2013,29(35):289.
[2]
王小红,杨智杰,刘小飞,等.天然林转换成人工林对土壤团聚体稳定性及有机碳分布的影响[J].水土保持学报,2014,28(6):177. WANG Xiaohong,YANG Zhijie,LIU Xiaofei, et al. Effects of natural forest converted to plantations on soil organic carbon distribution and stability of aggregates in middle-subtropics of China[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2014,28(6):177.
[3]
蓝良就,张野,黄炎和,等.退化花岗岩植被恢复对团聚体及其有机碳的影响[J].水土保持学报,2012,26(1):190. LAN Liangjiu,ZHANG Ye,HUANG Yanhe, et al. Soil water-stable aggregates and organic carbon affected by forestland restoration of degraded granite[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2012,26(1):190.
[4]
谢锦升,杨玉盛,陈光水,等.植被恢复对退化红壤团聚体稳定性及碳分布的影响[J].生态学报,2008,28(2):702. XIE Jinsheng, YANG Yusheng, CHEN Guangshui, et al. Effects of vegetation restoration on water stability and organic carbon distribution in aggregates of degraded red soil in subtropics of China[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2008,28(2):702.
[5]
WICK A F, INGRAM L J, STAHL P D. Aggregate and organic matter dynamics in reclaimed soils as indicated by stable carbon isotopes[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry,2009,41(2):201.
[6]
李玮,郑子成,李廷轩,等.不同植茶年限土壤团聚体及其有机碳分布特征[J].生态学报,2014,34(21):6326. LI Wei, ZHENG Zicheng, LI Tingxuan, et al. Distribution characteristics of soil aggregates and its organic carbon in different tea plantation age[J].Acta Ecologica Sinica,2014,34(21):6326.
[7]
罗友进,魏朝富,李渝,等.土地利用对石漠化地区土壤团聚体有机碳分布及保护的影响[J].生态学报,2013,44(6):1356. LUO Youjin, WEI Chaofu, LI Yu, et al. Effects of land use on distribution and protection of organic carbon in soil aggregates in karst rocky desertification area[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica,2013,44(6):1356.
[8]
王晓娟,贾志宽,梁连友,等.旱地施有机肥对土壤有机质和水稳性团聚体的影响[J].应用生态学报,2012,23(1):159. WANG Xiaojuan, JIA Zhikuan, LIANG Lianyou, et al. Effects of organic manure application on dry land soil organic matter and water stable aggregates[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology,2012,23(1):159.
[9]
李辉信,袁颖红,黄欠如,等.不同施肥处理对红壤水稻土团聚体有机碳分布的影响[J].土壤学报,2006,3(42):422. LI Huixin, YUAN Yinghong, HUANG Qianru,et al.Effects of fertilization on soil organic carbon distribution in various aggregates of red paddy soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2006,3(42):422.
[10]
ELLIOTT E T. Aggregate structure and carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus in native and cultivated soils[J].Soil Science Society of America Journal,1986,50(3):627.
[11]
郭曼, 郑粉莉,安韶山,等. 应用Le Bissonnais法研究黄土丘陵区土壤团聚体稳定性[J].中国水土保持科学,2010,8(2):68. GUO Man, ZHENG Fenli, AN Shaoshan, et al. Application of Le Bissonnais method to study soil aggregate stability in the Hilly-gully region[J].Science of Soil and Water Conservation,2010,8(2):68.
[12]
杨建国,安韶山,郑粉莉.宁南山区植被自然恢复中土壤团聚体特征及其与土壤性质关系[J].水土保持学报,2006,20(1):72. YANG Jianguo, AN Shaoshan, ZHENG Fenli. Characteristics of soil water stable aggregates and relationship with soil properties during vegetation rehabilitation in Ningxia loess hilly region[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2006,20(1):72.
[13]
WRIGHT A L, HONS F M. Carbon and nitrogen sequestration and soil aggregation under sorghum cropping sequences[J].Biology and Fertility Soils,2005,41(2):95.
[14]
ERKTANA, CECILLON L, GRAF F, et al. Increase in soil aggregate stability along a Mediterranean successional gradient in severely eroded gully bed ecosystems:combined effects of soil, root traits and plant community characteristics[J].Plant and Soil,2016,398(1):121.
[15]
刘晓利,何园球,李成亮,等. 不同利用方式和肥力红壤中水稳性团聚体分布及物理性质特征[J].土壤学报,2008,45(3):459. LIU Xiaoli, HE Yuanqiu, LI Chengliang, et al. Distribution and physical properties of soil water-stable aggregates in red soils different in land soil fertility[J]. Acta Pedolologica Sinica, 2008,45(3):459.
[16]
DUIKER S W, RHOTON F E, TORRENT J, et al. Iron(Hydr)oxide crystallinity effects on soil aggregation[J],Soil Science Society of America Journal,2003,67(2):606.
[17]
SPACCINI R, PICCOLO A. Effects of field managements for soil organic matter stabilization on water-stable aggregate distribution and aggregate stability in three agricultural soils[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2013,129(6):45.
[18]
CAMBARDELLA C A, EILLIOTT E T. Particulate soil organic-matter changes across a grassland cultivation sequence[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1992,56(3):777.
[19]
徐文静,丛耀辉,张玉玲,等.黑土区水稻土水稳性团聚体有机碳及其颗粒有机碳的分布特征[J].水土保持学报,2016,30(4):210. XU Wenjin, CONG Yaohui, ZHANG Yuling, et al. Distribution of organic carbon and particulate organic carbon in water-stable aggregates of paddy soil in black soil area[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2016,30(4):210.
[20]
闫靖华,张凤华,谭斌,等.不同恢复年限对土壤有机碳组分及团聚体稳定性的影响[J].土壤学报,2013,50(6):1183. YAN Jinghua, ZHANG Fenghua, TAN Bin, et al. Effects of reclamation history of deserted salinized farmlands on organic carbon composition and aggregate stability of the soils[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica,2013,50(6):1183.
[21]
耿玉清,余新晓,岳永杰,等. 北京山地针叶林与阔叶林土壤活性有机碳库的研究[J].北京林业大学学报,2009,31(5):19. GENG Yuqing, YU Xinxiao, YUE Yongjie, et al. Soil active organic carbon pool of coniferous and broadleaved forests in the mountainous area of Beijing[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University,2009,31(5):19.
[22]
张海东,于东升,王宁,等.植被恢复过程中侵蚀红壤有机质变化研究[J].土壤,2013,45(5):856. ZHANG Haidong, YU Dongsheng, WANG Ning, et al. The change of soil organic matter under vegetation restoration on the eroded red soil[J].Soils,2013,45(5):856.
[23]
覃勇荣,王燕,刘旭辉,等.马尾松对喀斯特石漠化地区土壤有机质的影响[J].中国农学通报,2009,25(5):104. QIN Yongrong, WANG Yan, LIU Xunhui, et al. Influence of Pinus massoniana on soil organic matter content of the karst rocky desertification area,north-west of Guangxi province[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin,2009,25(5):104.
[24]
马瑞萍,安韶山,党廷辉,等.黄土高原不同植物群落土壤团聚体中有机碳和酶活性研究[J].土壤学报,2014,51(1):104. MA Ruiping, AN Shaoshan, DANG Tinghui, et al. Soil organic carbon and enzymatic activity in aggregates of soils under different plant communities in Hilly-gully regions of Loess Plateau[J].Acta Pedologica Sinica,2014,51(1):104.
[25]
邱陆旸,连琳琳,张丽萍,等.林下土壤水稳性团聚体特征及其影响因素研究[J].扬州大学学报,2016,37(2):74. QIU Luyang, LIAN Linin, ZHANG Liping, et al. Study on the characteristics and influencing factors of water stable aggregates of forest soil[J].Journal of Yangzhou University,2016,37(2):74.
2017, Vol. 15 
