1980-2013年闽西地区降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2017.04.001

摘要
图/表
参考文献
相关文章 (15)

全文: HTML (1 KB)
输出: BibTeX | EndNote (RIS)

摘要闽西地区是福建省土壤侵蚀重点防治区，为研究闽西地区降雨侵蚀力的时空分布格局，根据1980-2013年闽西地区9个站点的逐日降雨数据，利用日雨量模型来计算降雨侵蚀力，采用线性回归、气候倾向率、Mann-Kendall检验和反距离加权插值法（IDW）等方法对区域降雨侵蚀力的时空变化进行分析。结果表明：1）闽西地区多年平均降雨侵蚀力为9 504 MJ·mm/（hm²·h），与降雨量呈极显著正相关（P<0.01）；2）空间上西高东低，与降雨量分布规律基本一致；3）降雨侵蚀力的年内分布主要集中在3-8月，占到全年的80.12%；4）1980-2013年期间研究区降雨量呈微下降趋势，而整体上降雨侵蚀力呈略微增加趋势，但未达到显著水平（P>0.05），其中其在夏季呈现上升趋势，而在春秋冬3季呈现下降趋势；5）34年内降雨侵蚀力分别在1995和2002年发生突变。该研究可为该区域土壤侵蚀危险性评估和土壤侵蚀治理工作提供依据。

	服务

	把本文推荐给朋友
	加入我的书架
	加入引用管理器
	E-mail Alert
	RSS
	作者相关文章
	戴金梅
	查轩
	黄少燕
	陈世发
	刘川
	王丽园
	白永会

关键词 ：降雨量, 降雨侵蚀力, 时空变化, 闽西地区

Abstract：[Background] Rainfall erosivity is for assessing the potential ability of rainfall on soil erosion. A regional soil erosion prevention and controlling work have a guiding significance. Water erosion is one of the important forms of soil erosion in Fujian province. [Methods] To study the space-time distribution of West Fujian rainfall erosivity pattern, based on the 1980-2013 daily rainfall data of nine weather stations in West Fujian region and using the Daily Rainfall Erosion Force Model to calculate the rainfall erosion force, then methods of linear regression, climate tendency rate, Mann-Kendall test methods and the spatial interpolation methods were applied to analyze the spatial and temporal variations of rainfall erosivity. [Results] 1) The range of annual rainfall erosivity in the West Fujian was 6 160-14 310 MJ·mm/(hm²·h) with an average value of 9 504 MJ·mm/(hm²·h), the amplitude of 8 150 MJ·mm/(hm²·h), average rainfall erosivity was very significantly and positively correlated with the average rainfall. 2) There was a spatial distribution pattern of annual rainfall erosivity and it was greater in the western area and less in the eastern area of the studied area, rainfall erosivity of high value area was in the northwest and low value area was in the northeast. The spatial distribution of average annual rainfall erosivity was similar to that of average annual precipitation; nine counties of rainfall erosivity in ascending order, respectively:Ninghua > Dongxing > Guanyinqiao > Zhongshan > Yongding > Shanghang > Yangjiafang > Zhangping > Yong'an. 3) The rainfall erosivity concentrated in rainy season (March to August), which contributed 80.12% of the whole year. During the year the distribution curve of rainfall erosivity showed bimodal type, peak for June and August. Rainfall erosivity changed in a positive trend, including January, May, June, July, August, October, November, and December, which was the most obvious in June. Meanwhile, the declining trend of rainfall eruption included February, March, April, and September, which was the most obvious in March. 4) The rainfall erosivity showed upward trend in summer, but downward trend in other periods. The annual change of rainfall erosivity indicated that rainfall and rainfall erosivity showed downward trends. Rainfall to changes in the rate of decline in 7.3 mm in every 10 years, and the climate rate of rainfall erosivity was 72.7 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·10 a). 5) The abrupt change of rainfall erosivity occurred in 1995 and 2002, respectively, and rainfall erosivity had a slight upward trend since 1995, and from 2002 it had the obvious downward trend. [Conclusions] Soil erosion in the West Fujian is the key prevention area on soil and water erosion, and the government should increase attentions on it. The results of the study provide the basis for the regional soil erosion prediction, the regional risk assessment of soil erosion, and soil erosion management work.

Key words： precipitation rainfall erosivity spatial-temporal changes West Fujian region

收稿日期: 2016-07-22

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家科技支撑计划项目"强度侵蚀区退化生态系统修复关键技术的研发与集成"（2014BAD15B02）；国家重点研发计划"南方红壤低山丘陵区水土流失综合治理"（2017YFC05054）

通讯作者: 查轩(1961-),男,博士生导师,研究员。主要研究方向:水土保持与生态恢复。E-mail:xzha@fjnu.edu.cn E-mail: xzha@fjnu.edu.cn

作者简介: 戴金梅(1992-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀和水土保持。E-mail:djm19921020@163.com

引用本文:

戴金梅^1,2, 查轩^1,2, 黄少燕^1,2, 陈世发^1,2, 刘川^1,2, 王丽园^1,2, 白永会^1,2. 1980-2013年闽西地区降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(4): 1-7.
DAI Jinmei, ZHA Xuan, HUANG Shaoyan, CHEN Shifa, LIU Chuan, WANG Liyuan, BAI Yonghui. Spatial and temporal variations of rainfall erosivity on West Fujian during 1980 to 2013. SSWC, 2017, 15(4): 1-7.

链接本文:

http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2017.04.001 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2017/V15/I4/1

[1]	WISCHMEIER W H, SMITH D D. Rainfall energy and its relationship to soil loss[J]. Eos, Transactions American Geophysical Union, 1958, 39(2):285.
[2]	WISCHMEIER W H, SMITH D D. Predicting rainfall erosion losses:a guide to conservation planning[M]. USDA Agriculture Handbook, 1978:537.
[3]	FOSTER G R, LOMBARDI F, MOLDENHAUER W C. Evaluation of rainfall-runoff erosivity factors for individual storms[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1982, 25(1):124.
[4]	RICHARDSON C W, FOSTER G R, WRIGHT D A. Estimation of erosion index from daily rainfall amount[J]. Transactions of the ASAE, 1983, 26(1):153.
[5]	MIKHAILOVA E A, BRYANT R B, SCHWAGER S J, et al. Predicting rainfall erosivity in Honduras[J]. Soil Science Society of America Journal, 1997, 61(1):273.
[6]	王万中,焦菊英,郝小品,等.中国降雨侵蚀力R值的计算与分布(Ⅰ)[J].水土保持学报, 1995, 9(4):7. WANG Wanzhong, JIAO Juying, HAO Xiaopin, et al. Study on rainfall erosivity in China(Ⅰ)[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 9(4):7.
[7]	黄炎和, 卢程隆, 郑添发, 等. 闽东南降雨侵蚀力指标R值的研究[J]. 水土保持学报,1992,6(4):1. HUANG Yanhe, LU Chenlong, ZHENG Tianfa, et al. Study on rainfall erosivity index in southeast of Fujian[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1992, 6(4):1.
[8]	杨子生. 滇东北山区坡耕地降雨侵蚀力研究[J]. 地理科学, 1999, 19(3):265. YANG Zisheng. A study on erosive force of rainfall on sloping cultivated land in the northeast mountain region of Yunnan province[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 1999, 19(3):265.
[9]	吴光艳, 祝振华, 成婧,等. 黄土高原南部降雨侵蚀力试验研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2011, 25(2):33. WU Guangyan, ZHU Zhenhua, CHENG Jing, et al. Preliminary study on rainfall erosivity in the southern loess plateau[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2011, 25(2):33.
[10]	章文波, 付金生. 不同类型雨量资料估算降雨侵蚀力[J]. 资源科学, 2003, 25(1):35. ZHANG Wenbo, FU Jinsheng. Rainfall erosivity estimation under different rainfall amount[J]. Resources Science, 2003, 25(1):35.
[11]	周伏建, 黄炎和. 福建省降雨侵蚀力指标R值[J]. 水土保持学报, 1995, 9(1):13. ZHOU Fujian, HUANG Yanhe. The rainfall erosivity index in Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 1995, 9(1):13.
[12]	章文波, 谢云, 刘宝元. 利用日雨量计算降雨侵蚀力的方法研究[J]. 地理科学, 2002, 22(6):705. ZHANG Wenbo, XIE Yun, LIU Baoyuan. Rainfall erosivity estimation using daily rainfall amounts[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2002, 22(6):705.
[13]	殷水清, 谢云, 王春刚. 用小时降雨资料估算降雨侵蚀力的方法[J]. 地理研究, 2007, 26(3):541. YIN Shuiqing, XIE Yun, WANG Chungang. Calculation of rainfall erosivity by using hourly rainfall data[J]. Geographical Research, 2007, 26(3):541.
[14]	赖成光, 陈晓宏, 王兆礼, 等. 珠江流域1960-2012年降雨侵蚀力时空变化特征[J]. 农业工程学报, 2015, 31(8):159. LAI Chengguang, CHEN Xiaohong, WANG Zhaoli, et al. Spatial and temporal variations of rainfall erosivity on Pearl River basin during 1960-2012[J]. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2015, 31(8):159.
[15]	刘斌涛, 陶和平, 宋春风,等. 我国西南山区降雨侵蚀力时空变化趋势研究[J]. 地球科学进展, 2012, 27(5):499. LIU Bintao, TAO Heping, SONG Chunfeng, et al. Temporal and spatial variations of rainfall erosivity in Southwest China from 1960 to 2009[J]. Advances in Earth Science, 2012, 27(5):499.
[16]	汪言在, 苟诗薇. 重庆市降雨侵蚀力空间格局及其变化[J]. 地理科学, 2013, 33(1):116. WANG Yanzai, GOU Shiwei. The spatial-temporal pattern and changes of rainfall erosivity in Chongqing[J]. Scientia Geographica Sinica, 2013, 33(1):116.
[17]	李庆祥. 气候资料均一性研究导论[M].北京:气象出版社,2011:24. LI Qingxiang. Introduction to homogenization study of climate data[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 2011:24.
[18]	魏凤英. 现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].2版.北京:气象出版社, 2007:37. WEI Fengying. Climatological statical diagnosis and prediction technology[M]. 2nd ed. Beijing:Meteorological Press, 2007:37.
[19]	于延胜, 陈兴伟. 基于Mann-Kendall法的水文序列趋势成分比重研究[J]. 自然资源学报, 2011, 26(9):1585. YU Yansheng, CHEN Xingwei. Study on the percentage of trend component in a hydrological time series based on Mann-Kendall method[J]. Journal of Natural resources, 2011, 26(9):1585.
[20]	黄炎和, 林敬兰, 蔡志发,等. 影响福建省水土流失主导因子的研究[J]. 水土保持学报, 2000, 14(2):36. HUANG Yanhe, LIN Jinglan, CAI Zhifa, et al. Major influential factors of soil erosion in Fujian province[J]. Journal of Soil and Water Conservation, 2000, 14(2):36.
[21]	吴昌广, 林德生, 肖文发,等. 三峡库区降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(1):151. WU Changguang, LIN Desheng, XIAO Wenfa, et al. Spatiotemporal distribution characteristics of rainfall erosivity in Three Gorges Reservoir Area[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2011, 22(1):151.
[22]	李爱华, 江志红. 中国东部夏季雨带推进过程的年际,年代际变化[J]. 南京气象学院学报, 2007, 30(2):186. LI Aihua, JIANG Zhihong. Interannual and interdecadal changes of summer rain band propagation over eastern China[J]. Journal of Nanjing Institute of Meteorology, 2007, 30(2):186.
[23]	陈香. 福建省台风灾害时空变化分析[J]. 灾害学, 2007, 22(4):66. CHEN Xiang. Analysis of temporal and spatial changes of typhoon in Fujian Province[J]. Journal of Catastrophology, 2007, 22(4):66.
[24]	任国玉,任玉玉,战云健,等. 中国大陆降水时空变异规律:Ⅱ.现代变化趋势[J]. 水科学进展, 2015, 26(4):451. REN Guoyu, REN Yuyu, ZHAN Yunjian, et al. Spatial and temporal patterns of precipitation variability over mainland China:Ⅲ:causes for recent trends[J]. Advances in Water Science, 2015, 26(4):451.
[25]	陈丽娟,王壬,陈友飞. 1960-2014年福建省极端气候事件时空特征及变化趋势[J]. 中国水土保持科学,2016,14(6):107. CHEN Lijuan, WANG Ren, CHEN Youfei. Spatio-temporal characteristics and trends of extreme climate events across Fujian Province, during 1960-2014[J]. Science of Soil and Water Conservation, 2016, 14(6):107.