北洛河上游流域土壤侵蚀变化及影响因素分析

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.009

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摘要为探究退耕背景下北洛河上游流域土壤侵蚀变化规律，采用修正的通用土壤流失方程并结合GIS空间分析，对比研究退耕还林前后北洛河上游流域2个时段（1991—2000年及2001—2010年）土壤侵蚀及降雨侵蚀力和植被覆盖度的变化，定量分析植被覆盖及降雨侵蚀力变化对土壤侵蚀的影响。研究表明：流域多年平均年降雨侵蚀力由退耕还林前的1 390.2 MJ·mm/（hm²·h·a）下降到退耕还林后的1 260.7 MJ·mm/（hm²·h·a），降雨侵蚀力的下降导致流域土壤侵蚀强度降低；在退耕还林工程的作用下，流域植被覆盖度大幅增加，由退耕还林前的30.8%增加到退耕还林后的47.6%，植被恢复也大大削弱流域土壤侵蚀强度；在退耕还林工程和降雨变化的共同作用下，流域年均土壤侵蚀模数由退耕还林前的8 078.9 t/（km²·a）下降到退耕还林后的3 060.7 t/（km²·a），减幅为62.1%；退耕还林工程和降雨变化对减轻流域土壤侵蚀的贡献率分别为85%和15%，表明退耕还林工程对控制流域土壤侵蚀起到关键作用。研究结果为评价黄土高原生态恢复的水土保持效益提供有价值的数据资料。

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	陈浩
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	艾崛豪

关键词 ：退耕还林, 土壤侵蚀, 影响因素, 贡献率, 黄土高原

Abstract：[Background] The upper reaches of Beiluo River watershed, located in the hinterland of the Loess Plateau, is one of the main source districts of coarse sediment of the middle Yellow River, and is also the key area for soil erosion control and ecological construction in China. The Grain for Green (GFG) project implemented in 1999, resulting in soil erosion process in the upper reaches of Beiluo River watershed changing greatly. Clarifying soil erosion changes and driving factors in the upper reaches of Beiluo River watershed before and after the GFG project is of great significance for promoting green development and health management of the Yellow River watershed.[Methods] The revised universal soil loss equation was combined with GIS spatial analysis to study the spatial and temporal characteristics of soil erosion, rainfall erosivity and vegetation coverage before and after the GFG project (1991-2000 and 2001-2010) in the upper reaches of Beiluo River watershed. And the contribution rates of the GFG project and precipitation change on soil erosion change in the watershed were analyzed.[Results] 1) The results showed that the mean annual rainfall erosivity decreased from 1 390.2 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·a) before the GFG project to 1 260.7 MJ·mm/(hm²·h·a) after the GFG project, a decrease of 9.3%. Rainfall erosivity decreased in 99.3% of the whole watershed. The decrease of rainfall erosivity reduced the intensity of soil erosion in the watershed. 2) The vegetation coverage of the watershed increased from 30.8% before the GFG project to 47.6% after the GFG project, with an increase of 54.5%. About 88.3% of the area showed an increasing trend of vegetation coverage. The vegetation coverage in Wuqi county of the southeast was significantly higher than that in Dingbian county of the northwest. The increase of vegetation coverage greatly weakened the intensity of soil erosion in the watershed. The combined effect of the GFG project and the change in precipitation resulted in soil loss decreased from 8 078.9 t/(km²·a) before the GFG project to 3 060.7 t/(km²·a) after the GFG project, with a decrease of 62.1%. 3) The contribution rate of the GFG project and precipitation change to reducing soil erosion in the watershed was 85% and 15% respectively. The contribution rate of the GFG project to reducing soil erosion in Wuqi county and Dingbian county was 86% and 82% respectively.[Conclusions] The degree of soil erosion reduction in the watershed is dominated by the GFG project characterized by vegetation coverage change. The results provide valuable data for evaluating the benefits of soil and water conservation of ecological restoration on the Loess Plateau.

Key words： Grain for Green project soil erosion influencing factors contributing rate Loess Plateau

收稿日期: 2022-03-23

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"陕北黄土坡面典型退耕草本植物对土壤侵蚀过程的调控效应与机理"（42107359）；中国博士后科学基金资助项目（2022MD713800）；延安市高层次人才专项项目"黄土高原退耕前后流域土地利用/覆被变化及土壤侵蚀驱动效应"（2019-16）；延安大学科研计划资助项目"黄土高原流域土壤侵蚀时空变化对退耕还林（草）工程的响应"（YDBK2019-63）；大学生创新创业训练计划项目（S202010719103；D2020102）

通讯作者: 张晓萍(1971-),女,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:植被恢复的水文效应及水土流失过程评价。E-mail:zhangxp@ms.iswc.ac.cn E-mail: zhangxp@ms.iswc.ac.cn

作者简介: 陈浩(1986-),男,博士,讲师。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:chenhao@yau.edu.cn

引用本文:

陈浩, 张晓萍, 王豆豆, 郭晋伟, 闫瑞, 艾崛豪. 北洛河上游流域土壤侵蚀变化及影响因素分析[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2023, 21(2): 64-73.
CHEN Hao, ZHANG Xiaoping, WANG Doudou, GUO Jinwei, YAN Rui, AI Juehao. Analysis of soil erosion changes and its influencing factors in the upper reaches of Beiluo River watershed. SSWC, 2023, 21(2): 64-73.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.009 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2023/V21/I2/64

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