轮作模式对农田土壤团聚体及碳氮含量的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2022.03.016

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摘要土壤碳（C）和氮（N）含量在农田作物养分利用和循环中起着关键作用。土壤团聚体的C、N含量和稳定性是表征土壤结构、退化和稳定性的重要指标。姜-稻轮作和姜-菜轮作为水旱轮作和旱地轮作，具有不同的C、N保护机制。为探究不同轮作模式下农田土壤团聚体分布规律、稳定性和C、N含量的变化特征，寻求最优的轮作模式，以安徽省铜陵市姜-菜轮作和姜-稻轮作模式下的农田为研究对象，采集0~20 cm深度的土壤样品，测定不同粒级土壤团聚体的质量分数，并使用单因素方差分析土壤团聚体及C、N含量的差异性。通过土壤团聚体稳定性指标平均质量直径（MWD）、几何平均直径（GMD）、大团聚体含量（DR_0.25）和分形维数（D）来衡量土壤团聚体的稳定，并使用皮尔逊相关系数分析土壤团聚体和团聚体C、N与土壤稳定性指标的关系。结果表明：1）姜-菜轮作下姜季>0.053~0.25 mm微团聚体质量分数比菜季显著增加53%（P<0.05），姜-稻轮作下姜季≤0.053 mm微团聚体质量分数比稻季显著降低39%（P<0.05），>0.25~1.00 mm大团聚体质量分数比稻季显著增加约2倍（P<0.05）；2）与姜-稻轮作相比，姜-菜轮作分别显著降低姜季≤0.053 mm微团聚体C、N质量分数32%与33%（P<0.05），>1.00 mm大团聚体C、N含量分别显著降低39%与33%（P<0.05）；3）姜-稻轮作下姜季>1.00 mm大团聚体C的贡献率显著高于姜-菜轮作24%（P<0.05），>0.25~1.00 mm大团聚体C、N贡献率分别显著低于姜-菜轮作32%与25%（P<0.05）；4） GMD和DR_0.25均与>0.25~1.00 mm大团聚体质量分数显著正相关（P<0.01），MWD与>1.00 mm大团聚体含量显著正相关（P<0.01），MWD、GMD、DR_0.25均与>0.25 mm大团聚体C、N显著正相关（P<0.05）。相对于姜-菜轮作下的旱地轮作，水旱轮作下的姜-稻轮作模式可以持续改善土壤团聚体稳定性和维持高效的土壤C、N的养分利用，是实现铜陵市水土保持与养分协调利用的最优轮作模式，有利于维系白姜的可持续生产。

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	黑杰
	李先德
	刘吉龙
	王亚非
	胥佳忆
	阳祥
	尹晓雷
	王维奇
	张永勋

关键词 ：土壤团聚体, 团聚体稳定性, 轮作模式, 农田

Abstract：[Background] Soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N) content plays a key role in nutrient utilization and cycling of farmland crops. The carbon and nitrogen content and stability of soil aggregates are important indicators to characterize soil structure, degradation and stability. Ginger-rice rotation and ginger-vegetable rotation are different patterns of paddy and dry land rotation, which have different carbon and nitrogen protection mechanisms. This work aims to explore the distribution patterns, stability and variation characteristics of C and N content of farmland soil aggregates under different rotation patterns, and to select the optimal rotation pattern.[Methods] In this study, the farmland under the ginger-vegetable and ginger-rice rotation patterns was used as the research object of Tongling city, Anhui province, and soil samples with a depth of 0-20 cm were collected. The contents of soil aggregates with different particle sizes were measured, and the differences of soil aggregates and C and N contents were analyzed by ANOVA. The qualitative characteristics of soil aggregate stability were measured by the soil aggregate stability index mean weight diameter (MWD), geometric mean diameter (GMD), >0.25 mm diameter aggregate (DR_0.25) and fractal dimension (D), and the relationship between soil aggregate, aggregate carbon and nitrogen and soil stability index was analyzed by Person correlation.[Results] 1) The content of >0.053-0.25 mm microaggregates in the ginger season under the ginger-vegetable rotation increased by 53% compared with that in the vegetable season (P<0.05). Under ginger-rice rotation, the content of microaggregates ≤ 0.053 mm in the ginger season was 39% lower than that in the rice season (P<0.05), while the content of large aggregates >0.25-1.00 mm was about twice higher than that in the rice season (P<0.05). 2) Compared with the ginger-rice rotation, the ginger-vegetable rotation significantly reduced the C and N content of ≤ 0.053 mm microaggregates in the ginger season by 32% and 33% (P<0.05), and the C and N content of the large aggregates >1.00 mm significantly reduced, respectively, in 39% and 33% (P<0.05). 3) Under the ginger-rice rotation, the contribution rate of ginger >1.00 mm large aggregate C was significantly higher than that of ginger-vegetable rotation by 24% (P<0.05), and the contribution rate of >0.25-1.00 mm large aggregate C and N was significantly lower than that of ginger-vegetable rotation 32% and 25% (P<0.05). 4) GMD and DR_0.25 was significantly positively correlated with the content of >0.25-1.00 mm large aggregate (P<0.01). MWD was positively correlated with the content of >1.00 mm aggregates, respectively (P<0.01). MWD, GMD, and DR_0.25 were all significantly positively correlated with the C and N of larger aggregates >0.25 mm (P<0.05).[Conclusions] Compared with the dry land rotation under the ginger-vegetable rotation, the ginger-rice rotation pattern under the paddy dry rotation can continuously improve the stability of soil aggregates and maintain the efficient utilization of soil C and N nutrients. It is the optimal rotation pattern to realize the coordinated utilization of soil and water conservation and nutrients in Tongling city, which is conducive to the sustainable production of white ginger.

Key words： soil aggregates aggregate stability crop rotation pattern farmland

收稿日期: 2021-04-01

PACS:

S152

基金资助:全球重要农业文化遗产项目"安徽铜陵姜-稻轮作系统"（DH-1612）

通讯作者: 王维奇(1982—),男,博士,研究员。主要研究方向:生态与环境。E-mail:wangweiqi15@163.com E-mail: wangweiqi15@163.com

作者简介: 黑杰(1996—),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:生态与环境。E-mail:hj15377185569@163.com

引用本文:

黑杰, 李先德, 刘吉龙, 王亚非, 胥佳忆, 阳祥, 尹晓雷, 王维奇, 张永勋. 轮作模式对农田土壤团聚体及碳氮含量的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2022, 20(3): 126-134.
HEI Jie, LI Xiande, LIU Jilong, WANG Yafei, XU Jiayi, YANG Xiang, YIN Xiaolei, WANG Weiqi, ZHANG Yongxun. Effects of crop rotation patterns on the soil aggregates and carbon and nitrogen content in farmland. SSWC, 2022, 20(3): 126-134.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2022.03.016 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2022/V20/I3/126

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