Heavy metal pollution and environmental assessment in the soil of the rare earth associated mining area in Bayan Obo
XIE Jinliang1, ZHANG Jianfeng1,2, LIU Yongbing3, JIANG Jiuning1
1. China ENFI Engineering Technology Co. Ltd., 100038, Beijing, China; 2. School of Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China; 3. National Research Center for Geoanalys, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, 100037, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] In view of the problems of over standard heavy metal content, serious environmental pollution and ecological damage in metal mining areas, the environmental assessment research on heavy metal contaminated soil was carried out. Bayan Obo mining area was dry and rainless, and the ecological environment was very fragile, coupled with the serious problem of desertification, thus environmental protection is needed.[Methods] Taking the soil of Baiyun Obo rare earth associated mining area as the research object, the soil contents of heavy metals, Pb, Cu, Zn, Cr, Ni and As, were analyzed by collecting 11 samples of 0-20 cm topsoil in different types of mining areas, i.e. main mine, east mine, dump, tailings pond, industrial site and transportation road. GB 15618-2018 The Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land (Trial Implementation) and soil background values were used as evaluation criteria. The single factor method, Nemerow comprehensive pollution index method and pollution load index method were used to evaluate the contents of these six kinds of heavy metals. Soil environmental quality was evaluated in mining area. Using IDW interpolation analysis of ArcGIS 10.2 software, the spatial distribution characteristics of comprehensive pollution index value and pollution load index value were drawn, and heavy metal pollution evaluation was carried out.[Results] 1) The average values of Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As in the soil of the mining area exceeded 5.54, 2.37, 5.28, 1.69 and 1.10 times of the standard respectively, and the average values of Cr did not exceed the standard. The long-term human activitiy in the mining area was the major reason causing heavy metal pollution in the studied area soil. Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As were the main pollution elements, and their average contents were 942.42, 237.10, 1 585.43, 321.84 and 27.62 mg/kg, respectively. 2) From the perspective of sampling type, the contents of Pb and Zn in the studied soil were relatively high, and the pollution was the most serious. The order of Pb content was:East Mine > tailings pond > main mine > industrial site > dump > transportation road, and the order of Zn content was:Main Mine > tailings pond > dump > east Mine > industrial site > transportation road. Pb and Zn pollution was the most serious in the main mine and tailings pond, while Zn and Cu pollution was the main pollution in the dump. In addition, Ni pollution in the tailings pond and the dump was also serious. 3) The results by the 3 evaluation methods were basically similar. The pollution load index method based on the background value of the soil in the study area showed that the soil was polluted to varying degrees, the average PLI of the pollution load index was 2.58, which belonged to severe pollution.[Conculsions] Pb, Cu, Zn, Ni and As were the main pollution elements in the soil of the mining area. Pb, Zn and Cu in all sampling points exceeded the standard seriously, with the average exceeding rate of 90.91%, 100% and 100% respectively. Three evaluation methods showed that the main pollution in the mining area was Pb and Zn, followed by Cu and Ni pollution, no Cr pollution.
谢金亮, 张建锋, 刘永兵, 姜久宁. 白云鄂博稀土伴生矿区土壤重金属污染及其环境评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(2): 92-101.
XIE Jinliang, ZHANG Jianfeng, LIU Yongbing, JIANG Jiuning. Heavy metal pollution and environmental assessment in the soil of the rare earth associated mining area in Bayan Obo. SSWC, 2020, 18(2): 92-101.
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2020, Vol. 18 
