福建红壤丘陵区道路网络与水系空间关系

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.04.006

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摘要为了探明道路在流域水文过程中的作用，以福建红壤丘陵区小流域道路网络为研究对象，借助遥感影像解译与GIS数字地形分析技术，并结合实地调查与测量，研究红壤小流域道路网络的空间分布、影响因素以及道路与水系的联系。结果表明：1）研究区道路可分为县道、乡村干路、乡村支路、土路干路、土路支路5个等级，道路密度为2.30 km/km²，路网结构与水系结构差异较大；2）路网分布是人类活动驱动和地形因素限制共同作用的结果，不同级别道路的主要功能和技术要求不一样，导致其受驱动或限制的影响大小存在差异；3）丘陵区硬化公路趋向分布于水系沿岸，更近的空间关系可能导致其对流域水文的影响更大。结合交汇点分析表明高等级硬化道路和低等级土质道路分别通过影响产汇流和侵蚀产沙的方式影响水系下游主河道和上游支流。研究结果揭示了红壤丘陵小流域路网的空间分布特征及其与流域水文地貌要素之间的关系，有助于理解道路的流域水文效应。

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	刘灿
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关键词 ：道路网络, 空间分布, 水文联系, 红壤区

Abstract：[Background] Road networks have been reported can influence local ecology and environment. The existence of road network in a watershed may increase stream density and surface runoff, therefore enhance the risk of soil erosion. As the same time, the spatial distribution of the road network showed specific regularities due to the influence of hydrological and geomorphological elements in the watershed. Studying the distribution characteristics of the road network and its relationship with topography and water system from the spatial scale is of great significance for understanding the mechanism of hydrological effect of road.[Methods] In order to explore the role of road in the hydrological process of watershed, road network of small watersheds in hilly red soil region of Fujian Province was chosen as the research object. The distribution of road network in the study area was obtained from high-resolution remote sensing image. Combined with the 25 m pixel DEM data, the spatial distribution characteristics of road network and its influencing factors was analyzed through GIS spatial analysis. The linkage between road network and the hydro-geomorphologic features in the watershed were studied through GIS buffer analysis and topology analysis.[Results] 1) Road networks in the study area can be classified as 5 grades, including County road, Main country road, Secondary country road, Main unpaved road and Trail. The road density is 2.3 km/km² and the structure of road network is different from that of the stream networks which can be described by bifurcation ratio. 2) The distribution of roads is driven by both the human activity and limitation of terrain conditions. Residential point is the driving factor for the extension of road network, and the road density decreases with the distance from residential buffer center. Terrain factors are the limiting factor for road network distribution. The total length of roads decreases with the increasing slope interval, but increases first and then decreases with the increasing relief amplitude interval. 3) Paved roads are mainly constructed along channels, thus may cause relatively great hydrological impact on watershed hydrology due to the short distances between streams and roads. This kind of influence mainly exist in the downstream of the watershed where most high-grade paved roads can be found. On the other hand, low-grade unpaved roads mainly affect the upstream hydrology and sediment transport by intercepting runoff and causing erosion.[Conclusions] The above results revealed the spatial distribution of road networks and the road-stream relationship. It would be helpful to explain the mechanism of road networks in affecting hydrology processes in a watershed scale.

Key words： road network spatial distribution hydrological linkage red soil region

收稿日期: 2018-02-08

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:国家自然科学基金"红壤丘陵区小流域路网的水沙效应作用机理与模拟"（41571273）；江苏省自然科学基金"基于GIS的流域坡长因子自动计算方法研究"（BK2015610）；中国科学院南京土壤所"一三五"计划和领域前沿重点项目"基于地表水沙模拟的土壤重金属三维空间变异特征研究"（ISSASIP1617）

通讯作者: 曹龙熹(1982-),男,博士,副研究员。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:lxcao@issas.ac.cn E-mail: lxcao@issas.ac.cn

作者简介: 刘灿(1993-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail:cliu@issas.ac.cn

引用本文:

刘灿^1,2, 曹龙熹¹, 梁音¹. 福建红壤丘陵区道路网络与水系空间关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(4): 41-48.
LIU Can, CAO Longxi, LIANG Yin. Spatial relationship between roads and stream networks in hilly red soil region of Fujian province. SSWC, 2018, 16(4): 41-48.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.04.006 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I4/41

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