Evaluation on water conservation capacity of typical forest types in Beichuan River basin
WANG Xianbang, HE Kangning, DONG Zhe, LIU Kai
School of Soil and Water Conservation, Key Laboratory of State Forestry Administration on Soil and Water Conservation, Beijing Engineering Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation, Engineering Research Center of Forestry Ecological Engineering of Ministry of Education, Beijing Forestry University, 100083, Beijing, China
Abstract：[Background] Forest is an indispensable part of human survival. Forest water conservation capacity is an important part in searching ecological benefits. In Beichuan River basin, Qinghai Province, since the policy 'Converted Farmland into Forest' implemented, it has protected forest land and improved froest coverage. Due to less research of forest water conservation in basin, the effect of forest water conservation in whole basin is unknown yet. We aimed to discuss the regulation of vegetation, in order to maximize basin forest ecological benefits.[Methods] In order to explore water conservation capacity of forest in Beichuan River basin, Qinghai Province, we chose five typical tree species:Picea crassifolia, Betula platyphylla, Larix principis-rupprechtii, Hippophae rhamnoides and Populus cathayana, to analyse and evaluate 10 indexes which are closely related to water conservation from the forest canopy layer, litter layer and soil layer, meanwhile adpoted the analytic hierarchy Process (AHP) to analyze the proportion of these woodlands and indexes in water conservation.[Results]In comparison to forest canpony layer, Picea crassifolia and Betula platyphylla have the best ability to conservate water, next is Larix principis-rupprechtii, Hippophae rhamnoides and Populus cathayana. But in litter layer, the Picea crassifolia, Larix principis-rupprechtii and Betula platyphylla have the advantage in water conservation and following is Populus cathayana, Hippophae rhamnoides is the worst. In soil layer, Picea crassifolia and Betula platyphylla have the best ability of water conservation, next is Hippophae rhamnoides and Larix principis-rupprechtii, and Populus cathayana is the worst. At the same time, according to AHP inspection:Picea crassifolia takes the highest ration in water conservation, has reached to 25%. Also in three layers, soil layer has the largest proportion:70.51%. Considering comparison among three layers and results of AHP, the current rank of water conservation capacity as follow:Picea crassifolia forest land > Betula platyphylla forest land > Larix principis-rupprechtii forest land > Hippophae rhamnoides forest land > Populus cathayana forest land.[Conclusions] This research result is consistent with the local actual conditions, Picea crassifolia is the highest ecological community. Likewise, due to Beichuan River basin is barren land located in alpine mountain, Northwest China, reasonably planting and implementing afforestation activities are needed according to local conditions. Research results clearly show that different woodlands have different capacities in water conversation. In order to further improve forest ecological benefit in watershed, the quantity of Picea crassifolia on the basis of reasonable planting should be increased, and the management and protect water conservation capacity of forest should be strengthened in Beichuan River basin, Qinghai Province. In addition, this research only investigated the current situation of water conservation under current conditions, not involve the optimal space of forest land. This study also provides reference and theoretical basis for the further discussion on the vegetation landscape pattern and the spatial optimal allocation in the basin.
王先棒, 贺康宁, 董喆, 刘凯. 北川河流域典型林型水源涵养能力评价[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2017, 15(5): 94-102.
WANG Xianbang, HE Kangning, DONG Zhe, LIU Kai. Evaluation on water conservation capacity of typical forest types in Beichuan River basin. SSWC, 2017, 15(5): 94-102.
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2017, Vol. 15 
