含钙废弃物对盐碱土改良和胡枝子生长影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2020.06.014

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摘要为研究脱硫石膏、柠檬酸渣和粉煤灰对盐碱土理化性质和植物生长影响，选用胡枝子为研究对象，采用室内盆栽和条件控制法进行比对试验。测定各处理光合速率、叶绿素、盐碱离子质量摩尔浓度、pH值、碱化度和钠吸附比等生理和盐碱指标。结果表明：1）各处理土壤Na⁺、CO₃^2-、HCO₃^-等盐害离子质量摩尔浓度显著减少，Ca²⁺、Mg²⁺、SO₄^2-和交换性阳离子质量摩尔浓度显著增加；2）交换性Na⁺和碱性离子被充分置换，其中脱硫石膏处理交换性Na⁺质量摩尔浓度减少了84.3%；3）各处理土壤降碱程度都超过50%，土壤由中度盐碱向轻度盐碱转移，各处理pH值均有下降，其中柠檬酸渣处理达到7.1；4）相对对照，各处理净光合速率（P_n）、气孔导度（G_s）、蒸腾速率（T_r）及水分利用效率（WUE）都高，而胞间CO₂浓度（C_i）和气孔限制值（L_s）较低；5）处理组叶绿素a质量分数都超过2.4 mg/g，叶绿素b质量分数都超过1.1 mg/g，总叶绿素质量分数都超过3.5 mg/g，各处理生物量也显著高于对照。含钙废弃物可通过改变盐碱土离子组成和质量摩尔浓度改良盐碱土，调整胡枝子盐胁迫反馈调节机制，降低其对胡枝子生长影响。

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关键词 ：胡枝子, 盐碱土, 碱化度, 叶绿素, 光合作用

Abstract：[Background] Saline-alkali soil is widely distributed in our country, while desulfurized gypsum, citric acid slag and fly ash are produced and accumulated in large quantities, which cause great pressure on national economy and ecological environment. But all of them can be used to improve saline-alkali soil. Exploring the improvement of saline-alkali soil by these calcium-containing wastes and the effect on plant growth is conducive to reducing environmental pollution and eventually provides scientific basis for the recycling and reuse of calcium-containing wastes and the improvement of saline-alkali soils. [Methods] Conditional control method was used in the research. Three kinds of calcium-containing waste materials (desulfurized gypsum, citric acid slag and fly ash)were applied to pot-planted Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. with saline-alkali soil soils respectively. Indexes of plant biochemical and soil composition such as net photosynthetic rate P_n, stomatal conductance G_s, transpiration rate T_r, intercellular CO₂ concentration C_i, stomatal limitation L_s, water use efficiency (WUE), chlorophyll, content of main ion, exchangeable sodium percentage and sodium adsorption ratio were measured accordingly. [Results] 1) The main soil ion content after improved such as Na⁺, CO₃^2-, and HCO₃^- reduced significantly, while the content of Ca²⁺, Mg²⁺, SO₄^2- and CEC increased. 2) Na⁺ and alkaline ions were replaced, and the content of exchangeable Na⁺ even decreased by 84.3% in desulfurized gypsum treatment. 3) The alkali-reducing degree of each treatment soil exceeded 50%, and the soil was transferred from moderate saline to mild saline-alkali,the degree of salinity in each treatment also shifted from moderate to mild, all of the pH after the experiment decreased, and especially the citric acid residue treatment even reached to 7.1, which was basically neutral. 4) P_n, G_s, T_r and WUE of L. bicolor Turcz. were all higher, while C_i and L_s were lower.5) The contents of chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll were all over 2.4 mg/g, 1.1 mg/g and 3.5 mg/g in each treatment, that in fly ash treatment was the highest, mainly because the salt resistance was coupled, meanwhile it showed that by changing salt stress, calcium-containing materials changed the external environmental factors, and then affected the synthesis of plant chlorophyll. [Conclusions] Calcium-containing wastes such as desulfurized gypsum, citric acid slag and fly ash may improve the physicochemical properties of the saline-alkaline soil by changing the composition and contents of salt-damaging ions in saline-alkali soil. Normal physiological functions are maintained by adjusting the feedback regulation mechanism of L. bicolor Turcz. under salt stress, and reducing the effect of salt stress on the growth of L. bicolor Turcz. This study may provide scientific basis and reference for the recycling and reuse of calcium-containing wastes and the improvement of saline-alkali soil.

Key words： Lespedeza bicolor Turcz. saline-alkali soil exchangeable sodium percentage chlorophyll photosynthesis

收稿日期: 2019-07-02

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:北京林业大学北京市水土保持工程技术研究中心开放课题"含钙废弃物改良盐碱土的资源化利用技术"

通讯作者: 丁国栋(1963-),男,博士,教授。主要研究方向:荒漠化防治。E-mail:dch1999@263.net E-mail: dch1999@263.net

作者简介: 殷小琳(1984-),男,博士,高级工程师。主要研究方向:水土保持与生态修复。E-mail:308352519@qq.com

引用本文:

殷小琳, 成晨, 丁国栋, 张晓明, 高广磊, 鲍升志. 含钙废弃物对盐碱土改良和胡枝子生长影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(6): 115-122.
YIN Xiaolin, CHENG Chen, DING Guodong, ZHANG Xiaoming, GAO Guanglei, BAO Shengzhi. Improvement and effects of calcium-containing wastes on saline-alkali soil and growth of Lespedeza bicolor Turcz.. SSWC, 2020, 18(6): 115-122.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2020.06.014 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2020/V18/I6/115

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