基于模糊物元模型的3种灌木林水源涵养能力评价——以内蒙古黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场为例

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2019.01.005

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摘要林地枯落物层和土壤层的持水能力是其水土保持功能中水源涵养能力大小的重要指征。关于黑岱沟矿区典型灌木林水源涵养功能的文献未见报道，近年来，基于模糊物元模型的水源涵养能力评价被认为是一种简单、直接、科学的方法。作者以黑岱沟煤矿排土场人工建植的15年生柠条锦鸡儿、沙地柏、山杏3种灌木林下的枯落物和土壤为研究对象，运用浸水法、烘干法和环刀法测定枯落物蓄积量、土壤物理性质及其持水特征，选取影响枯落物和土壤持水能力的15个指标建立其水源涵养能力评价指标体系，运用欧式贴近度模糊物元模型进行其水源涵养能力评价。结果表明：3种灌木林枯落物层水源涵养能力的大小顺序为沙地柏 > 柠条锦鸡儿 > 山杏；土壤层水源涵养能力强弱顺序为沙地柏 > 山杏 > 柠条锦鸡儿；欧式贴近度排序为R_沙地柏 > R_山杏 > R_{柠条锦鸡儿}，即沙地柏林的水源涵养能力最强，山杏次之，柠条锦鸡儿较差。

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	张丽娜
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	杨宇平

关键词 ：水源涵养能力, 模糊物元模型, 排土场, 黑岱沟露天矿

Abstract：[Background] The water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of forest land is an important indicator of soil and water conservation function of forest land, and they are two important indexes to evaluate the capacity of water conservation. There has been no reported literature on the water conservation function of typical shrubbery in Heidaigou mining area yet. In recent years, the evaluation of water conservation capacity based on fuzzy matter-element model is considered as a simple, direct and scientific method. Therefore, fuzzy matter-element model was used to evaluate the water-holding capacity of litter layer and soil layer of forest land in Heidaigou of Inner Mongolia.[Methods] This study took the litter and soil under shrub forest of Caragana korshinskii, Sabina vulgaris and Prunus armeniaca of artificial planting 15 years as the research object on the same platform of dump in Heidaigou open pit mine. The methods of soaking, drying and cutting-ring were used to study the accumulation of litter, water-holding characteristics of litter, physical properties of soil and water-holding characteristics of soil. Fifteen indexes affecting litter and soil water-holding capacity were selected to establish the evaluation index system of water conservation capacity of three kinds of shrub forest. The fuzzy matter-element model of Euclid approach degree was used to evaluate the water conservation capacity of three shrubs.[Results] The species composition and growth status of shrub vegetation were different, which resulted in great differences in the thickness of litter, the amount of storage and the characteristics of water-holding under the forest. And the variation ranges of litter thickness and the amount of storage of three shrub types were 0.83-1.08 cm and 2.42-3.82 t/hm², respectively. The index values of water-holding characteristics of litter layer were the largest in S. vulgaris shrub, especially maximum water-holding capacity and effective interception rate. Soil development affected bulk density and porosity of soil, which led to differences in soil physical properties. The soil bulk density of three shrub types showed the rule of C. korshinskii (1.50 g/cm³) > S. vulgaris (1.44 g/cm³) > P. armeniaca (1.43 g/cm³).The variation law of soil porosity in three shrubs was consistent with that of corresponding water content. In addition to soil bulk density, non-capillary porosity and effective water-holding capacity, the index values of the soil layer were also the best in S. vulgaris shrub. The order of Euclid approach degree of three shrubs was R_{Sabina vulgaris} > R_{Prunus armeniaca} > R_{Caragana korshinskii}.[Conclusions] The order of water conservation capacity of litter layer in three kinds of shrub forest was S. vulgaris > C. korshinskii > P. armeniaca. The order of water conservation ability of soil layer in three kinds of shrub forest was S. vulgaris > P. armeniaca > C. korshinskii. The order of Euclid approach degree of three kinds of shrubs was S. vulgaris (0.869 3) > P. armeniaca (0.202 7) > C. korshinskii (0.151 8), the water conservation capacity of S. vulgaris in the study area was the strongest, followed by P. armeniaca shrub, and that of C. korshinskii was poor.

Key words： water conservation capacity fuzzy matter-element model dump Heidaigou open pit mine

收稿日期: 2017-12-04

PACS:

S715.7

基金资助:国家重点研发计划项目"西北干旱荒漠区煤炭基地生态安全保障技术"（2017YFC0504400），"采煤迹地植被重建与保育技术研究"（2017YFC0504402）

通讯作者: 许丽(1965-),女,博士,教授。主要研究方向:矿区生态修复。E-mail:xulinmg@163.com E-mail: xulinmg@163.com

作者简介: 张丽娜(1992-),女,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:水土保持与荒漠化防治。E-mail:1432100545@qq.com

引用本文:

张丽娜¹, 许丽¹, 秦儒², 史芮嘉³, 杨宇平¹. 基于模糊物元模型的3种灌木林水源涵养能力评价——以内蒙古黑岱沟露天煤矿排土场为例[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2019, 17(1): 31-38.
ZHANG Lina, XU Li, QIN Ru, SHI Ruijia, YANG Yuping. Evaluation of water conservation capacity of three shrub forests based on fuzzy matter-element model: A case study of Heidaigou open pit mine dump in Inner Mongolia. SSWC, 2019, 17(1): 31-38.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2019.01.005 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2019/V17/I1/31

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