供水袋渗灌湿润体特征及其对造林成效的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2018.01.014

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摘要为了研究晋西黄土区干旱陡坡造林供水袋渗灌技术对造林成效的影响，在山西吉县蔡家川流域的干旱陡坡开展供水袋渗灌试验，供水袋供水量分别设置为1、2、3和4 L，进行亮蓝染液地表渗灌试验，同时布设供水袋渗灌孔径分别为0.22、0.45和1.20 μm，并每5 d浇1 L水的壤中渗灌造林试验，探讨渗灌湿润体的体积与供水量的关系，以及不同渗灌孔径的供水效果。结果表明：1）渗灌湿润体近似半椭球体，最大垂直入渗深度 > 最大水平湿润半径，且二者随供水量和初始土壤含水量的增加而增大。渗灌湿润体体积与供水量呈幂函数关系。2）2015年4月1日至5月20日，定期浇水（每5 d浇水1 L）的造林栽植穴土壤含水量在17.28%左右；中等孔径（0.45 μm）供水袋渗灌的栽植穴土壤含水量从15.02%增加到18.90%后，稳定在19.07%左右；大孔径（1.20 μm）渗灌的造林栽植穴土壤含水量从15.02%急剧上升到19.55%后，逐渐下降直至7.17%；小孔径（0.22 μm）渗灌的造林栽植穴土壤含水量从15.02%下降到6.15%；对照土壤含水量从15.02%下降到5.06%。3）生长季（2015年4—10月）结束后，定期浇水、中等孔径、大孔径及小孔径渗灌造林苗木的成活率分别为86.7%、90.0%、73.3%和63.3%，较对照分别提高26.7、30.0、13.3和3.3百分点；苗高生长量分别为10.8、10.6、7.5和6.9 cm，较对照分别提高92.86%、89.29%、33.93%和23.21%。定期浇水和中等孔径供水袋渗灌处理，提高造林栽植穴土壤含水量，促进造林苗木成活和生长的效果较显著，但造林地采用供水袋中等孔径渗灌比定期浇水可节水11.20 t/hm²。在晋西黄土区干旱陡坡造林时，建议采用中等孔径供水袋进行壤中渗灌。

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关键词 ：供水袋, 湿润体, 土壤含水量, 成活率

Abstract：[Background] The drought and steep slopeland in the loess region of western Shanxi is one of the areas where the vegetation restoration has been very difficult in China due to little precipitation but high evaporation. Varied techniques (infiltration bag, high-pressure water gun, etc) have been applied for increasing the seedling survival rate, but they have shortcomings.[Methods]Here we designed a low-cost water-supplying bag, and studied the forestation effect of infiltrating irrigation via it. We carried out surface infiltrating irrigation test with acid blue in setting different water supplying amount (1, 2, 3, and 4 liter) and reforestation test in setting different infiltrating irrigation aperture (0.22, 0.45, and 1.20 μm) of water-supplying bag in Caijiachuan Watershed. Meanwhile we measured the track of acid blue, soil moisture content, seedling survival rate and growth in different test treatments to explore the relationship between wetted soil volume and water-supplying amount and the effect of water-supplying bag in different infiltrating irrigation aperture.[Results]1) The wetted soil of infiltrating irrigation was approximate half ellipsoid. The maximum vertical infiltration depth was greater than the maximum horizontal wetting radius, and they increased with the increasing of water-supplying amount and soil moisture content. Wetted soil volume and water-supplying amount were in power relationship. 2) We carried out the infiltrating irrigation test with water-supplying bag from April 1 to May 20, 2015. We found that infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the medium-aperture water-supplying bag, soil moisture content increased from 15.02% to 18.90%, and then stayed around 19.07%. Infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the big-aperture water-supplying bag, soil moisture content increased rapidly from 15.02% to 19.55%, and then decreased to 7.17%. Watering 1 liter water to the plantation every 5 days, soil moisture content stayed around 17.28%. Infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the small-aperture water-supplying bag, soil moisture content decreased from 15.02% to 6.15%. For the plantation without treatment, soil moisture content decreased from 15.02% to 5.06%. 3) After the growing season (April to October, 2015), watering 1 liter water to the plantation every 5 days and infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the medium-, big-and small-aperture water-supplying bag, seedling survival rate were 86.7%, 90.0%, 73.3% and 63.3%, respectively. Compared with plantation without treatment, they increased by 26.7, 30.0, 13.3 and 3.3 percentage points, seedling height growth were 10.8, 10.6, 7.5, and 6.9 cm, respectively, compared with plantation without treatment, they increased by 92.86%, 89.29%, 33.93% and 23.21%. Watering 1 liter water to the plantation every 5 days and infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the medium-aperture water-supplying bag were more effective in improving soil moisture content and promoting seedlings survival rate and growth, however, infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the medium-aperture water-supplying bag saved 11.20 tons of water per hectare than watering 1 liter water to the plantation every 5 days.[Conclusions]Infiltrating and irrigating the plantation with the medium-aperture water-supplying bag is recommended in planting for drought and steep slopeland in the loess region of western Shanxi.

Key words： water-supplying bag wetted soil soil moisture content survival rate

收稿日期: 2017-06-05

PACS:

S728.2

基金资助:国家科技支撑计划课题"困难立地植被恢复技术研究与示范"（2015BAD07B02）

通讯作者: 张建军(1964-),男,博士,教授。主要研究方向:水土保持效益及森林水文。E-mail:zhangjianjun@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: zhangjianjun@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 赵荣玮(1989-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:困难立地植被恢复。E-mail:zhaorongwei@bjfu.edu.cn

引用本文:

赵荣玮¹, 张建军^1,2, 刘晓易³. 供水袋渗灌湿润体特征及其对造林成效的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2018, 16(1): 109-115.
ZHAO Rongwei, ZHANG Jianjun, LIU Xiaoyi. Wetted soil characteristics and forestation effect of infiltrating irrigation via water-supplying bag. SSWC, 2018, 16(1): 109-115.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2018.01.014 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2018/V16/I1/109

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