Abstract： In this article, the content of radiation physics in the ICRU report No.89 were interpreted in details, aiming to provide reference in the radiation physics for radiologists performing brachytherapy for cervical cancer patients.
[1] Aronowitz JN, Aronowitz SV, Robison RF.Classics in brachytherapy:Margaret Cleaves introduces gynecologic brachytherapy[J].Brachytherapy,2007,6(4):293-297.DOI:10.1016/j.brachy.2007.08.009. [2] Dose and volume specification for reporting intracavitary therapy in gynecology ICRU report 38[M].Bethesda:ICRU,1985:1-23. [3] Dose and volume specification for reporting interstitial therapy ICRU report 58[M]. Bethesda:ICRU,1997:1-35. [4] Prescribing,recording,and reporting brachytherapy for cancer of the cervix ICRU report 89[M]. Bethesda:ICRU,2016:1-258. [5] Barraclough LH,Swindell R,Livsey JE,et al. External beam boost for cancer of the cervix uteri when intracavitary therapy cannot be performed[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2008,71(3):772-778.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.10.066. [6] Tanderup K,Eifel PJ,Yashar CM,et al. Curative radiation therapy for locally advanced cervical cancer:brachytherapy is NOT optional[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2014,88(3):537-539.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.11.011. [7] Han K,Milosevic M,Fyles A,et al. Trends in the utilization of brachytherapy in cervical cancer in the United States[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2013,87(1):111-119.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2013.05.033. [8] Grover S,Harkenrider MM,Cho LP,et al. Image guided cervical brachytherapy:2014 survey of the American brachytherapy society[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2016,94(3):598-604.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.11.024. [9] Lee KK,Lee JY,Nam JM,et al. High-dose-rate vs.low-dose-rate intracavitary brachytherapy for carcinoma of the uterine cervix:Systematic review and meta-analysis[J].Brachytherapy,2015,14(4):449-457.DOI:10.1016/j.brachy.2015.02.390. [10] Heyman J.The So-called stockholm method and the results of treatment of uterine cancer at the radiumhemmet[J].Acta Radiologica,2010,16(2):129-148.DOI:10.3109/00016923509174759. [11] Walstam R.The dosage distribution in the pelvis in radium treatment of carcinoma of the cervix[J].Acta Radiologica,1954,42(3):237.DOI:10.3109/00016925409174481. [12] Sandler,Bernard. Radium therapy of carcinoma cervix[J].Obstet Gynaecol,2010,49(2):101-148.DOI:10.1111/j.1471-0528.1942.tb05723.x. [13] Lederman M,Lamerton LF.Dosage estimation and distribution in the radium treatment of carcinoma of the cervix uteri;a new method and its clinical applications[J].Br J Radiol,1948,21(241):11.DOI:10.1259/0007-1285-21-241-11. [14] Fletcher GH,Wall JA,Bloedorn FG,et al. Direct measurements and isodose calculations in radium therapy of carcinoma of the cervix[J].Radiology,1953,61(6):885.DOI:10.1148/61.6.885. [15] Suit HD,Moore EB,Fletcher GH,et al. Modification of Fletcher ovoid system for afterloading,using standard-sized radium tubes (milligram and microgram)[J].Radiology,1963,81(1):126.DOI:10.1148/81.1.126. [16] Jürgenliemk-Schulz IM,Lang S,Tanderup K,et al. Variation of treatment planning parameters(D90 HR-CTV,D 2cc for OAR) for cervical cancer tandem ring brachytherapy in a multicentre setting:comparison of standard planning and 3D image guided optimisation based on a joint protocol for dose-volume constraints[J].Radiother Oncol,2010,94(3):339-345.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2009.10.011 [17] Basu B,Basu S,Chakraborti B,et al. A comparison of dose distribution from manchester-style and fletcher-style intracavitary brachytherapy applicator systems in cervical cancer[J].J Contemp Brachyther,2012,4(4):213-8.DOI:10.5114/jcb.2012.32555. [18] Berger D,Dimopoulos J,Georg P,et al. Uncertainties in assessment of the vaginal dose for intracavitary brachytherapy of cervical cancer using a tandem-ring applicator[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2007,67(5):1451-1459.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2006.11.021. [19] Nomden CN,Leeuw AACD,Moerland MA,et al. Clinical use of the utrecht applicator for combined intracavitary/interstitial brachytherapy treatment in locally advanced cervical cancer[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2012,82(4):1424.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2011.04.044. [20] Tanderup K,Hellebust TP,Lang S,et al. Consequences of random and systematic reconstruction uncertainties in 3D image based brachytherapy in cervical cancer[J].Radiother Oncol,2008,89(2):156.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2008.06.010. [21] Kadoya N,Miyasaka Y,Nakajima Y,et al. Evaluation of deformable image registration between external beam radiotherapy and HDR brachytherapy for cervical cancer with a 3D-printed deformable pelvis phantom[J].Med Phys,2017,44(4):1445.DOI:10.1002/mp.12168. [22] Hellebust TP,Kirisits C,Berger D,et al. Recommendations from gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO working group:considerations and pitfalls in commissioning and applicator reconstruction in 3D image-based treatment planning of cervix cancer brachytherapy[J].Radiother Oncol,2010,96(2):153-160.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.06.004. [23] Flower EE,Do V,Sykes J,et al. Deformable image registration (DIR) for cervical cancer brachytherapy:a comparison of the reproducibility of three different methods and the effects of DIR on the anatomical stability of OAR DVH parameters[J].Brachytherapy,2016,15(1):S101-S101.DOI:10.1016/j.brachy.2016.04.160. [24] Tanderup K,Fokdal LU,Sturdza A,et al. Effect of tumor dose,volume and overall treatment time on local control after radiochemotherapy including MRI guided brachytherapy of locally advanced cervical cancer[J].Radiother Oncol,2016,120(3):441.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2016.05.014. [25] Dumas I.Impact of treatment time and dose escalation on local control in locally advanced cervical cancer treated by chemoradiation and image-guided pulsed-dose rate adaptive brachytherapy[J].Radiother Oncol,2015,114(2):257.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2014.11.045. [26] Lindegaard JC,Fokdal LU,Nielsen SK,et al. MRI-guided adaptive radiotherapy in locally advanced cervical cancer from a Nordic perspective[J].Acta Oncologica,2013,52(7):1510-9.DOI:10.3109/0284186X.2013.818253. [27] Koom WS,Sohn DK,Kim JY,et al. Computed tomography-based High-Dose-Rate intracavitary brachytherapy for uterine cervical cancer:preliminary demonstration of correlation between dose-volume parameters and rectal mucosal changes observed by flexible sigmoidoscopy[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2007,68(5):1446-1454.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2007.02.009. [28] Tanderup K,Nielsen SK,Nyvang GB,et al. From point A to the sculpted pear:MR image guidance significantly improves tumour dose and sparing of organs at risk in brachytherapy of cervical cancer[J].Radiother Oncol,2010,94(2):173-180. [29] Jamema SV,Sharma S,Mahantshetty U,et al. Comparison of IPSA with dose-point optimization and manual optimization for interstitialtemplate brachytherapy for gynecologic cancers[J].Brachytherapy,2011,10(4):306-312.DOI:10.1016/j.brachy.2010.08.011. [30] Yang CF,Yang HM,Liang HQ,et al. Comparison of graphical optimization or IPSA for improving brachytheraphy plans associated with inadequate target coverage for cervical cancer[J].Sci Rep,2017,7(1).DOI:10.1038/s41598-017-16756-w. [31] Trnková P,Pötter R,Baltas D,et al. New inverse planning technology for image-guided cervical cancer brachytherapy:description and evaluation within a clinical frame[J].Radiother Oncol,2009,93(2):331.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2009.10.004. [32] Jamema SV,Kirists C,Mahantshetty U,et al. Comparision of DVH parameters and loading patterns of standard loading,manual and inverse optimization for intracavitary brachytherapy on a subset of tandem/ovoid cases[J].Radiother Oncol,2010,97(3):501-506.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.08.011. [33] Palmqvist T,Wanderas AD,Marthinsen ABL,et al. Dosimetric evaluation of manually and inversely optimized treatment planning for high dose rate brachytherapy of cervical cancer[J].Acta Oncologica,2016,53(8):1012-1018. DOI:10.3109/0284186X.2014.928829. [34] Tinkle CL,Weinberg V,Chen LM,et al. Inverse planned High-Dose-Rate brachytherapy for locoregionally advanced cervical cancer:4-year outcomes[J].Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2015,92(5):1093-1100.DOI:10.1016/j.ijrobp.2015.04.018. [35] Van LE.Recommendations from Gynaecological (GYN) GEC-ESTRO Working Group (I):concepts and terms in 3D image based 3D treatment planning in cervix cancer brachytherapy with emphasis on MRI assessment of GTV and CTV.[J].Radiother Oncol,2005,74(3):235-245.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2004.12.015. [36] Prescribing,recording,and reporting photon-beam intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) ICRU Report 83[M]. Bethesda:ICRU,2010:30-33. [37] Baltas D,Brabandere MD.Accuracy of volume and DVH parameters determined with different brachytherapy treatment planning systems[J].Radiother Oncol,2007,84(3):290.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2007.06.010. [38] Georg P,Kirisits C,Goldner G,et al. Correlation of dose–volume parameters,endoscopic and clinical rectal side effects in cervix cancer patients treated with definitive radiotherapy including MRI-based brachytherapy[J].Radiother Oncol,2009,91(2):173-80.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2009.01.006. [39] Tanderup K.From point A to the sculpted pear:MR image guidance significantly improves tumour dose and sparing of organs at risk in brachytherapy of cervical cancer[J].Radiother Oncol,2010,94(2):173. DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2010.01.001. [40] Hunter RD,Wong F,Moore C,et al. Bladder base dosage in patients undergoing intracavitary therapy[J].Radiother Oncol,1986,7(3):189-197.DOI:10.1016/S0167-8140(86)80029-9. [41] Barillot I,Horiot JC,Maingon P,et al. Impact on treatment outcome and late effects of customized treatment planning in cervix carcinomas:baseline results to compare new strategies[J]. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys,2000,48(1):189.DOI:10.1016/S0360-3016(00)00556-3. [42] Lindegaard JC.Dose-effect relationship and risk factors for vaginal stenosis after definitive radio (chemo) therapy with image-guided brachytherapy for locally advanced cervical cancer in the EMBRACE study[J].Radiother Oncol,2016,118(1):160.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2015.12.025. [43] Westerveld H,Pötter R,Berger D,et al. Vaginal dose point reporting in cervical cancer patients treated with combined 2D/3D external beam radiotherapy and 2D/3D brachytherapy[J].Radiothere Oncol,2013,107(1):99-105.DOI:10.1016/j.radonc.2013.04.009.
2019, Vol. 28 
