Abstract: 【Purpose/significance】Under the current new situation, China's national security is under the pressure of two-way public opinion at home and abroad. The correct guidance of public opinion is the top priority to maintain national security and social stability. The generation and dissemination of network public opinion of social emergencies face the weighting of many factors, so it is of great significance to clarify the diffusion mechanism of network public opinion of social emergencies for correctly guiding network public opinion and maintaining the security of mainstream ideology.【Method/process】Based on the actor network theory and the five forces model of network public opinion, this paper takes 56 domestic social emergencies from 2021 - 2022 as cases, and uses the method of fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) to explore the configuration effect of the influencing factors of network public opin⁃ ion transmission of social emergencies.【Result/conclusion】The study found that a single variable could not explain the formation of high-intensity network public opinion phenomenon of social emergencies; In the configuration study, six conditions for generating high-profile network public opinion were obtained, which were summarized into five combination types, namely, national identity type, public opinion hype type, high temperature impact type, accumulation and accumulation type, and focus transfer type; it is observed that the carrier display power plays a strong role in the high popularity of network public opinion and the characteristics of the main driving force; other combinations of different conditions can also affect the popularity of online public opinion【. Innovation/limitation】 The actor network theory is combined with the "five forces" model of online public opinion to build a research framework, and the con⁃ ditional variable of "overseas anti propaganda" is introduced for the first time. The disadvantage is that the selection of cases in the sample library is not rich enough, and typical cases can be selected for analysis in the future.