Abstract: 【Purpose/significance】The combination of blockchain technology and agricultural science data management can enhance the credibility of agricultural science data, promote the reuse of agricultural science data, and thus promote the process of agricultural science and technology innovation.【Method/process】Based on the characteristics of blockchain technology, such as traceability and immutable, smart contracts and encryption algorithms are used to build a blockchain based agricultural science data traceability model. 【Result/conclusion】This model is helpful to improve the standardization and credibility of agricultural science data, reduce the trust risk of agricultural science data, and provide a new research idea for the traceability management of agricultural science data【. Innova⁃ tion/limitation】The application of blockchain technology in agricultural science data traceability system needs to further explore the application cases and application scenarios of blockchain technology in agricultural science data traceability.