Abstract: 【 Purpose/significance】In big data era, archival data has become a new form of archival resources. It is necessary to compre⁃ hensively analyze the operational status of the archival data ecosystem, provide practical reference for archival data governance, and promote the sustainable development of the archival data ecosystem.【Method/process】Through practical analysis, knowledge refer⁃ ence, and theoretical exploration, combined with the operation process of archival data, the formation ecology, management ecology, and utilization ecology of archival data are systematically explored【. Result/conclusion】Focusing on the ecological balance and health of archival data, this paper analyzes the connotation of the ecological stability of archival data, and proposes that the ecological stabil⁃ ity of archival data is an important manifestation of the stable operation and continuous evolution of archival data, which is manifested in the stability of ecological factors, reasonable ecological structure, and perfect ecological functions of archival data【. Innovation/limi⁃ tation】To establish an ecological operation system for archival data and promote the cross integration of archival science, data science, and ecology. Further exploration is needed to regulate the ecological balance of archival data.