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| Wind erosion characteristics on windward slopes affected by water erosion in wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau |
| YIN Minfeng1, DI Mingting2, DENG Xinxin1, WANG Hanyu2, YIN Ziming2, TONG Boya2, ZHANG Jiaqiong1,3 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;
2. College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;
3. Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China |
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Abstract [Background] Soil erosion is severe in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau attributed to the combining effects of water and wind erosion. It is of significance to clarify the characteristics and mechanism of wind-water erosion for the scientific control of soil erosion in this region. Previous studies had focused more on the erosion of the wind erosion followed by water erosion, while the erosion of the water erosion followed by wind erosion is weak, especially the study under condition of opposite direction of wind and runoff.[Methods] This study analyzed the wind erosion characteristics affected by foregone rainfall under condition of opposite directions of wind and runoff using indoor artificial rainfall simulation and wind tunnel experiments. The rainfall experiments were set up with two rainfall intensities (60 and 120 mm/h) and three rainfall slopes (5°,10° and 15°), and the wind tunnel experiments were set up with three wind speeds (9,12 and 15 m/s), which were all conducted after the rainfall, and an additional experiment without rainfall and only blowing wind was set up as a control. Then wind erosion rates influenced by forgone water erosion were analyzed, and the proportion of wind erosion in total wind-water erosion were compared with erosion rates caused by wind only.[Results] 1) Water erosion significantly inhibited consequent wind erosion (P<0.01). Compared to wind erosion only, the wind erosion rates at 9, 12 and 15 m/s averagely decreased by 90.8%, 94.3% and 95.8%, respectively, impacting by earlier water erosion. 2) The wind erosion rates obviously affected by the earlier water erosion. The wind erosion rates were larger when rainfall intensity and slope was larger in earlier water erosion experiments for wind erosion experiments at the same wind velocity. 3) Compared to the proportion of wind erosion in the sum of water erosion and wind erosion, the proportion of wind erosion in the wind-water erosion was always lower. The decrease proportion of wind erosion in the wind-water erosion reached 52%, 65% and 68% at 9,12 and 15 m/s compared to the proportion of wind erosion in the sum of water erosion and wind erosion.[Conclusions] The primary reason for the obvious inhibition of water erosion to subsequent wind erosion is from following two aspects:one is water erosion changes the surface morphology, and the other is water erosion formed soil crust. This study illustrates the effects of water erosion on wind erosion, and the results enrich the study of wind-water erosion, which helps to formulate scientific measures in the wind-water erosion crisscross region of the Loess Plateau.
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Received: 04 December 2021
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