不同植被覆盖措施对果园梯壁土壤理化性质的影响

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2024064

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摘要将崩岗侵蚀劣地开发利用种植果树，是南方红壤区山地开发主要模式之一，但也成为主要的水土流失策源地。为探究植被覆盖措施对果园梯壁土壤的改良作用，在赣州市赣县区选择试验区对比分析不同植被覆盖措施下的土壤理化性质，以期为崩岗的合理开发利用提供理论和实践依据。以赣县区脐橙园梯壁土壤为研究对象，分别设置自然恢复芒萁覆盖、人工恢复梯壁植草覆盖、人工恢复椰纤植生毯覆盖和裸露对照4种处理，通过室内测定土壤理化性质，对比分析不同植被覆盖措施下土壤机械组成、阳离子交换量、养分含量和团聚体分布特征。结果表明：1）不同植被覆盖措施均能提升土壤黏粒含量和阳离子交换量，自然恢复芒萁覆盖效果最好，相比裸露对照，人工恢复椰纤植生毯覆盖土壤黏粒质量分数和阳离子交换量分别增加92.28%和25.17%；2）不同植被覆盖措施均能提升土壤养分含量，但都处于较低水平，人工恢复椰纤植生毯覆盖效果最好；3）自然恢复芒萁覆盖、人工恢复椰纤植生毯覆盖均能提升土壤水稳性大团聚体含量和团聚体平均质量直径，降低土壤团聚体破坏率，人工恢复梯壁植草覆盖则反之。综上所述，不同植被覆盖措施以自然恢复芒萁覆盖对土壤理化性质的改善效果最优。人工恢复模式下，椰纤植生毯覆盖效果显著高于梯壁植草覆盖。椰纤植生毯覆盖能够快速提升梯壁土壤养分含量，改善土壤结构，是一种有效的水土保持措施，在南方红壤丘陵区果园水土流失防治和植被恢复中应该被重视。

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	潘峰
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关键词 ：覆盖, 椰纤植生毯, 土壤理化性质, 果园, 崩岗

Abstract：Background Developing and utilizing the eroded poor land of Benggang to plant fruit trees is one of the main modes of mountain development in the southern red soil area, but it has also become a major source of soil erosion. In order to investigate the improvement effect of vegetation cover measures on the soil of orchard terrace wall, we selected a test area in Ganxian district of Ganzhou city to compare and analyze the physicochemical properties of the soil under different vegetation cover measures, with a view to providing theoretical and practical bases for the rational development and utilization of Benggang. Methods The soil samples of ladder wall of navel orange orchard were taken in Ganxian district, Jiangxi province, four treatments such as natural restored Paspalum wettsteinii coverage, artificial restored grass coverage, artificial restored coconut fiber blanket coverage and control check were set up, and soil physicochemical properties were measured indoors, and the soil mechanical composition, cation exchange, nutrient contents and aggregate distribution characteristics were comparatively analyzed under the different vegetation cover measures. The differences in soil physicochemical properties under different vegetation cover measures was explored.Results 1) Different vegetation cover measures enhanced soil clay content and cation exchange, and the natural restored P. wettsteinii coverage was the most effective, with the artificial restored coconut fiber blanket coverage increasing soil clay mass fraction and cation exchange by 92.28% and 25.17%, respectively, compared with the control check. 2) Different vegetation cover measures could improve soil nutrient contents, but they were all at a low level, and the artificial restored coconut fiber blanket coverage are the highest. 3) The natural restored P. wettsteinii coverage and the artificial restored coconut fiber blanket coverage both increased soil water-stable aggregate content, average mass diameter of aggregates, and reduced the rate of soil aggregate destruction, while the artificial restored grass coverage was the opposite. In summary, among different vegetation coverage measures, the natural restored P. wettsteinii coverage has the best effect on improving the physical and chemical properties of the soil. Under the artificial restoration mode, the artificial restored coconut fiber blanket coverage was significantly higher than that of grass coverage.Conclusions Coconut fiber blanket coverage can quickly enhance the soil nutrient contents of the terrace wall and improve the soil structure, which is an effective soil and water conservation measure and should be emphasized in the erosion control and vegetation restoration of the orchard in the southern red loam hilly area.

Key words： coverage coconut fiber blanket soil physicochemical properties orchard Benggang

收稿日期: 2024-05-08

PACS:

S157.1

基金资助:江西省水利厅科技项目“土壤侵蚀及养分流失对花岗岩土体构型的响应”（202425YBKT01）；国家重点研发计划项目“鄱阳湖洪泛湿地韧性提升技术集成及应用示范”（2023YFC3209005）

作者简介: 潘峰（1987—），男，博士，工程师。主要研究方向：土壤侵蚀与水土保持。E-mail：359195616@qq.com

引用本文:

潘峰, 邱欣珍. 不同植被覆盖措施对果园梯壁土壤理化性质的影响[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2025, 23(1): 102-108.
PAN Feng, QIU Xinzhen. Effects of different vegetation cover measures on soil physicochemical properties of orchard terrace wall. SSWC, 2025, 23(1): 102-108.

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