陕北地区水土保持生态功能多尺度协同与权衡关系

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.001

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摘要生态系统的土壤保持、水源涵养功能对于水土保持具有重要意义。为量化评估二者协同/权衡关系的多尺度时空特征，以陕北地区为研究区域，探究2000、2010和2018年土壤保持、水源涵养功能在不同空间尺度上的相互关系及其对自然和人为因素的响应。基于水量平衡模型、修正土壤侵蚀模型，采用空间统计、偏相关分析等方法建立水土保持生态功能多尺度协同/权衡关系分析框架。结果表明：2000—2018年陕北地区土壤保持与水源涵养量分别增加4.8%和2.3%，在地区和流域尺度主要表现为协同关系；坡度>25°的地区土壤保持、水源涵养功能协同性上升，而坡度6°~25°地区协同性保持不变或略有下降；耕地向林地、草地的置换有利于生态系统土壤保持和水源涵养功能的协同提升；植被覆盖条件改善对土壤保持、水源涵养协同关系的影响表现为先促进后抑制的"倒U型"作用，降雨量增加对协同关系的影响表现为微弱促进作用。评估结果可为陕北地区生态建设和治理提供参考。

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关键词 ：土壤保持, 水源涵养, 多尺度分析, 协同/权衡关系, 退耕还林, 陕北地区

Abstract：[Background] Clarifying the synergy/trade-off relationship between different ecosystem services is a vital prerequisite for implementing ecological restoration. Soil conservation and water conservation, as two important ecosystem services, have complex interaction under the intervention of environmental change and human activities. Northern Shaanxi, which is located in the middle of the Loess Plateau with fragile ecological environment, was one of the most serious soil and water loss area in China before the Grain for Green Project. However, it is insufficient in existing studies on synergy or trade-off relationship between the two ecological services at a multi-scale geographical level, such as different land types, soil types and slope classification.[Methods] Based on remote sensing images, meteorological station monitoring data and soil texture survey data, a hybrid method of revised universal soil loss equation, water balance model, spatial statistical mapping, partial correlation analysis was put forward to calculate the amount of ecosystem soil conservation and water conservation services in northern Shaanxi in 2000, 2010 and 2018, as well as the multi-scale spatiotemporal characteristics of their synergy/trade-off relationships. The effects of different driving factors on the synergy/trade-off relationships were also analyzed.[Results] The soil conservation and water conservation services in northern Shaanxi increased by 4.8% and 2.3%, respectively, from 2000 to 2018. Relationships between soil conservation and water conservation mainly turned out to be synergetic, and the synergy was getting enhanced. On the watershed scale, the soil conservation and water conservation in the main stream area of the Yellow River, the inner flow area of Ordos and Beiluo river basin were synergistic, while relationships between the two services in Tuwei river basin and Jialu river basin were trade-off. The replacement of farmland to forestland and grassland was conducive to the coordinated improvement of ecological soil conservation and water conservation services. The synergy of soil conservation and water conservation increased in areas with a slope of more than 25°, while the synergy remained unchanged or decreased slightly in areas with a slope of 6°-25°. Synergy of the two ecological services in loam and clay soil areas was higher than that in sandy soil and clay areas. The influence of improved vegetation cover to the synergy between two functions was ‘Inverted U-shape’, while the effect of rainfall increase on synergy turned out to be weak promotion.[Conclusions] Driven by different factors, ecological soil conservation and water conservation functions have complex synergy/trade-off relationships on multiple scales. Vegetation restoration and land use structure amelioration are conducive to improve the synergy of soil conservation and water conservation services. The future vegetation construction in northern Shaanxi should be carried out within the range of local water resources carrying capacity, in order to strengthen the synergy of ecosystem soil conservation and water conservation. The evaluation results may provide reference for ecosystem protection and governance in Northern Shaanxi.

Key words： soil conservation water conservation multi-scale analysis synergy and trade-offs Grain for Green northern Shaanxi

收稿日期: 2022-03-28

PACS:	F205
	K903

基金资助:陕西省公益性地质项目"基于大数据的陕西省国有自然资源与生态系统服务价值评估技术研发与应用"（2021031）；国家自然科学基金"水-能源-产业关联视角下呼包鄂榆城市群低碳转型路径及政策优化研究"（42071281）；中国地质调查局项目"人与自然关系重大问题分析"（DD20221828）；第三次新疆综合科学考察项目"阿尔泰山跨境保护地资源环境考察"（2022xjkk0803，2022xjkk0804）；中国科学院国际合作局对外合作重点项目"中巴经济走廊资源环境与绿色发展"（131551KYSB20210030）

通讯作者: 钟帅(1985-),男,博士,副研究员。主要研究方向:能矿资源经济与气候政策,区域可持续发展。E-mail:zhongshuai@igsnrr.ac.cn E-mail: zhongshuai@igsnrr.ac.cn

作者简介: 安黎(1998-),男,博士研究生。主要研究方向:资源经济与资源生态。E-mail:anli21@mails.ucas.ac.cn

引用本文:

安黎, 沈镭, 钟帅, 程绪平. 陕北地区水土保持生态功能多尺度协同与权衡关系[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2023, 21(2): 1-9.
AN Li, SHEN Lei, ZHONG Shuai, CHENG Xuping. Multi-scale synergy and trade-off relationship between ecological functions of soil and water conservation in northern Shaanxi. SSWC, 2023, 21(2): 1-9.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2023.02.001 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2023/V21/I2/1

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