Abstract：[Background] Soil salinization has become a global problem of resources and environment, which has seriously restricted the growth of crops and the survival of vegetation such as forests and grass, and has broken the ecological balance and system stability. The changes of growth and leaf ultrastructure of Nitraria tangutorum under alkali stress were studied, and its alkali tolerance and alkali tolerance mechanism were discussed in order to provide reference for achieving N. tangutorum's inhibition of soil degradation and sustainable biological improvement of salinized soil.[Methods] NaHCO3 and Na2CO3 mixed solutions of different concentrations (200, 300, 400, and 500 mmol/L) were used to treat the seedlings of N. tangutorum. The growth and physiological indexes of the seedlings were measured, and the ultrastructure of mesophyll cells was observed and compared by transmission electron microscopy. All data were subjected to ANOVA and Duncan's multiple tests for each parameter at P<0.05 using R 3.3.1. Parameter values were presented as means with standard error (n=3). [Results] 1)The plant height and biomass of N. tangutorum decreased with the increase of alkali stress concentration, and decreased significantly under 300 mmol/L stress. 2)Root activity and Chl(a+b) content decreased with the increase of alkali stress concentration. The former was more sensitive to alkali stress, and decreased significantly under 200 mmol/L stress. MDA content and electrolyte permeability in the leaves increased gradually with the increase of alkali stress concentration. SOD, CAT activity and proline content in the leaves increased at low concentration, but decreased at high concentration under alkali stress. The activity of SOD reached the maximum at 400 mmol/L under alkali stress, while the activity of CAT and the proline content reached the maximum at 300 mmol/L under alkali stress. 3)The ultrastructure showed that the cell wall of mesophyll cells gradually became dark and no longer smooth with the increase of alkali concentration, and the tendency of precipitation or dissolution appeared; the folds and protrusions of cell plasma membrane showed vesicles of different shapes; the chloroplast swelled and deformed, accompanied with the separation of plasma wall, the compact structure of grana lamellae was destroyed, and some thylakoids were arranged disorderly, and appeared vesiculation or even disintegration; the outer membrane of chloroplast was sunken or partially broken, and matrix was exosmosis; osmiophilic granules in chloroplast gathered into piles, and the number and volume of osmiophilic granules increased compared with the control, and a small amount of starch granules appeared. [Conclusions] Low concentration alkali stress had certain inhibitory effect on the growth of N. tangutorum. The concentration of alkali stress ≥300 mmol/L had obvious inhibitory and damage effects on the growth and ultrastructure of N. tangutorum. The activities of SOD, CAT and proline content increased, osmiophilic granule increased and starch grains appeared under alkali stress, which indicated that N. tangutorum had strong adaptability to alkali stress.
刘娜. 外源褪黑素和一氧化氮及其互作对番茄幼苗碱胁迫缓解效应的研究[D]. 山东泰安:山东农业大学, 2015:11. LIU Na. Mitigating effects of exogenous melatonin, nitric oxide and their interaction on alleviating alkali stress of tomato seedlings[D]. Tai'an, Shangdong:Shandong Agricultural University, 2015:11.
[2]
张丽平, 王秀峰, 史庆华, 等. 黄瓜幼苗对氯化钠和碳酸氢钠胁迫的生理响应差异[J]. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(8):1854. ZHANG Liping, WANG Xiufeng, SHI Qinghua, et al. Differences of physiological responses of cucumber seedlings to NaCl and NaHCO3 stress[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(8):1854.
[3]
刘奕媺, 于洋, 方军. 盐碱胁迫及植物耐盐碱分子机制研究[J]. 土壤与作物, 2018, 7(2):201. LIU Yimei, YU Yang, FANG Jun. Saline-alkali stress and molecular mechanism of saline-alkali tolerance in plants[J]. Soil and Crops, 2018, 7(2):201.
[4]
刘尧, 杨秀清, 王芳. 白刺在山西引种试验初期的成活及生长表现[J]. 山西农业大学学报(自然科学版), 2014, 34(5):453. LIU Yao, YANG Xiuqing, WANG Fang. Survival and growing performance of the introduced Nitraria species in Shanxi[J]. Journal of Shanxi Agricultural University (Natural Science Edition), 2014, 34(5):453.
[5]
李合生. 植物生理生化实验原理和技术[M]. 北京:高等教育出版社, 2000:134. LI Hesheng. Principles and techniques of plant physiology and biochemistry[M]. Beijing:Higher Education Press, 2000:134.
[6]
冯帆. 盐胁迫下白刺叶片超微结构的改变及耐盐代谢机制研究[D]. 山西晋中:山西农业大学, 2019:12. FENG Fan. Changes of ultrastructure and salt-tolerant metabolism of Nitraria leaves under the salt stress[D]. Jinzhong, Shanxi:Shanxi Agricultural University, 2019:12.
[7]
毛桂莲, 梁文裕, 王盛, 等. 碱性盐胁迫对宁夏枸杞生长、结构及光合参数的影响[J]. 干旱地区农业研究, 2017, 35(4):236. MAO Guilian, LIANG Wenyu, WANG Sheng, et al. Effects of alkali stress on growth, structure and photosynthetic parameters of Lycium barbarum L.[J]. Agricultural Research in the Arid Areas, 2017, 35(4):236.
曲元刚, 赵可夫. NaCl和Na2CO3对盐地碱蓬胁迫效应的比较[J]. 植物生理与分子生物学学报, 2003,29(5):387. QU Yuangang, ZHAO Kefu. Comparison of the stress effects of NaCl and Na2CO3 on Suaeda salsa L.[J]. Journal of Plant Physiology and Molecular Biology, 2003,29(5):387.
[10]
张磊, 侯云鹏, 王立春. 盐碱胁迫对植物的影响及提高植物耐盐碱性的方法[J]. 东北农业科学, 2018, 43(4):11. ZHANG Lei, HOU Yunpeng, WANG Lichun. Effect of alkaline salt stress on plant and method of enhancing saline-alkali resistance[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural Sciences, 2018, 43(4):11.
[11]
白健慧. 燕麦对盐碱胁迫的生理响应机制研究[D]. 呼和浩特:内蒙古农业大学, 2016:51. BAI Jianhui. The physiological mechanisms of oat responding to salt and alkali stresses[D].Hohhot:Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, 2016:51.
[12]
刘兴亮. 盐碱胁迫对白刺生理生化特性研究[D]. 哈尔滨:东北农业大学, 2010:60. LIU Xingliang. Study on physiological mechansim of adatation of Nitratia under saline-alkali stress[D]. Harbin:Northeast Agricultural University, 2010:60.
[13]
王文, 蒋文兰, 谢忠奎, 等. NaCl胁迫对唐古特白刺幼苗生理指标的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2012, 20(5):907. WANG Wen, JIANG Wenlan, XIE Zhongkui, et al. Effect of NaCl stress on physiological index of Nitraria tangutorum seeding[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2012, 20(5):907.
赵福庚, 刘友良. 胁迫条件下高等植物体内脯氨酸代谢及调节的研究进展[J]. 植物学通报, 1999, 16(5):540. ZHAO Fugeng, LIU Youliang. Advances in study on metabolism and regulation of proline in higher plants under stress[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 1999, 16(5):540.
[16]
杨秀莲, 王欣, 高树桃, 等. NaCl胁迫对5个桂花品种叶片超微结构的影响[J]. 西北植物学报, 2018, 38(9):1634. YANG Xiulian, WANG Xin, GAO Shutao, et al. Effect of NaCl stress on the leaf ultrastructure of five Osmanthus fragrans varieties[J]. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica, 2018, 38(9):1634.
[17]
范华, 董宽虎, 侯燕平, 等. NaCl胁迫对盐生植物碱蒿超微结构的影响[J]. 草地学报, 2011, 19(3):482. FAN Hua, DONG Kuanhu, HOU Yanping, et al. Effect of NaCl stress on ultrastructure of halophytes Artemisia anethifolia[J]. Acta Agrestia Sinica, 2011, 19(3):482.
[18]
祁雪, 张丽莉, 石瑛, 等. 盐碱胁迫对马铃薯生理和叶片超微结构的影响[J]. 作物杂志, 2014, 36(4):125. QI Xue, ZHANG Lili, SHI Ying, et al. Influence of salt-alkali stress on physiological index and leaf ultrastructure of potato[J]. Crops, 2014, 36(4):125.
[19]
田景花, 王红霞, 张志华, 等. 低温逆境对不同核桃品种抗氧化系统及超微结构的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(5):1320. TIAN Jinghua, WANG Hongxia, ZHANG Zhihua, et al. Effects of chilling stress on antioxidant system and ultrastructure of walnut cultivars[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(5):1320.
[20]
姜艳丽, 史华平, 杨艳兵, 等. NaCl胁迫对棉花叶片及根系超微结构的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 2014, 29(3):95. JIANG Yanli, SHI Huaping, YANG Yanbing, et al. Effect of NaCl stress on ultrastructure of mesophyll cells and root cells in cotton[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 2014, 29(3):95.
[21]
孟凡娟, 王建中, 黄凤兰, 等. NaCl盐胁迫对两种刺槐叶肉细胞超微结构的影响[J]. 北京林业大学学报, 2010, 32(4):97. MENG Fanjuan, WANG Jianzhong, HUANG Fenglan, et al. Ultrastructure of mesophyll cells in two Robinia pseudoacacia hybrids under NaCl stress[J]. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2010, 32(4):97.
2021, Vol. 19 
