酸雨湿润下重庆黄壤团聚体稳定性动态变化

doi:10.16843/j.sswc.2020.04.009

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摘要土壤团聚体稳定性是评价土壤质量与影响土壤侵蚀过程的重要因子,为研究酸雨湿润对重庆黄壤团聚体的影响,用pH为1、3和5的模拟酸雨湿润初始粒级>5~7 mm、>3~5 mm、>2~3 mm和≥1~2 mm的团聚体(pH=1,处理T_pH1;pH=3,处理T_pH3;pH=5,处理T_pH5)。之后每5 d用Le Bissonnais法中快速湿润(FW)、预湿润后震荡(WS)与慢速湿润(SW)的方法测定团聚体平均质量直径(MWD),并将经去离子水干湿交替处理的各粒级团聚体MWD作为本底值。结果表明:1)消散作用是黄壤团聚体破碎的主要机制。2)经过T_pH1、T_pH3和T_pH5处理后,相较于本底值,MWD_FW的平均变化率分别为1.99、1.30和1.43;MWD_WS的平均变化率分别为1.03、1.22和1.19;MWD_SW的平均变化率分别为1.48、0.78和0.88。3)处理T_pH1、T_pH3和T_pH5的MWD平均变化率分别为1.50、1.10和1.16。处理T_pH1的MWD变化幅度远高于T_pH3和T_pH5,处理T_pH3和T_pH5的相同初始粒级团聚体MWD基本无显著差异。4)酸雨湿润会促进<0.1 mm的团聚体凝聚。T_pH3和T_pH5处理下>5~7 mm、>3~5 mm、>2~3 mm团聚体中>2 mm的水稳性团聚体平均变化率分别为0.87、0.98和0.23,>2~3 mm团聚体中>2 mm水稳性团聚体大幅减少。总体来看,土壤团聚体被酸雨湿润后稳定性增大,但这是以土壤酸化为代价的。

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	张嘉良
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	马超
	鲍升志

关键词 ：模拟酸雨, 土壤团聚体, LB法, 黄壤

Abstract：[Background] Soil aggregate stability is an important indicator of soil quality and susceptibility to runoff and erosion, and acid rain pollution is a serious environmental problem in Chongqing city. The change of soil physicochemical properties caused by acid rain will affect aggregate stability. In this study, the yellow soil on slope farmland in Chongqing city was used as the research object, and the effects of acid rain wetting on aggregates stability was explored. [Methods] Four initial aggregate size classes (>5-7, >3-5, >2-3 and ≥1-2 mm) were slowly capillary-wetted with three levels of simulated acid rain (treatment T_pH1 with acid water pH=1; treatment T_pH3with acid water pH=3; treatment T_pH5 with acid water pH=5). Soil aggregate stability was determined according to Le Bissonnais to distinguish three breakdown mechanisms: slaking, mechanical breakdown by raindrop impact and disaggregation by differential swelling, and expressed as the mean weight diameter (MWD). During the experiment, the stability of aggregates was measured with three treatment methods involving fast wetting (FW), shaking after pre-wetting (WS), and slow wetting (SW) every 5 days. The MWD of aggregates after drying-wetting cycle with deionized water was taken as background value. [Results] 1) Slaking was the main mechanism of aggregate breakdown. 2) Compared with background value, for T_pH1, T_pH3, and T_pH5 treatment, the average change rates of MWD of fast wetting (MWD_FW) were 1.99, 1.30, and 1.43, respectively; the average change rates of MWD of shaking after pre-wetting (MWD_WS) were 1.03, 1.22, and 1.19, respectively; the average change rates of MWD of slow wetting (MWD_SW) were 1.48, 0.78, and 0.88, respectively. 3) The average change rates of MWD for treatment T_pH1, T_pH3, and T_pH5 were 1.50, 1.10, and 1.16, respectively. There was no significant difference in the change of aggregate stability between treatment T_pH3 and T_pH5. But for treatment T_pH1, aggregate stability changed much more than that of T_pH3 and T_pH5. 4) Acid rain wetting promoted <0.1 mm fractions to flocculate. For treatment T_pH3 and T_pH5, the average change rates of >2 mm proportion in >5-7, >3-5, and >2-3 mm aggregates were 0.87, 0.98, and 0.23, respectively, the >2 mm proportion in >2-3 mm were significantly reduced. The difference of initial aggregate size classes led to different responses to acid rain. [Conclusions] For three breaking mechanisms, the influence of acid rain wetting on the aggregate stability is different. Acid rain wetting significantly enhances resistance to slaking of aggregates. In general, aggregate stability increases after being wetted by acid rain, but at the cost of soil acidification. The results have certain reference value for soil and water conservation in acid rain area.

Key words： simulated acid rain soil aggregate LB method yellow soil

收稿日期: 2019-04-09

PACS:

S157.3

基金资助:林业科学技术研究项目"三峡库区典型防护林林分结构与功能调控技术"（2017-02）

通讯作者: 王云琦(1979-),女,博士,教授。主要研究方向:森林水文及土壤侵蚀。E-mail:wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn E-mail: wangyunqi@bjfu.edu.cn

作者简介: 张嘉良(1997-),男,硕士研究生。主要研究方向:土壤侵蚀。E-mail:907818147@qq.com

引用本文:

张嘉良, 苏伯儒, 王云琦, 胡波, 王玉杰, 马超, 鲍升志. 酸雨湿润下重庆黄壤团聚体稳定性动态变化[J]. 中国水土保持科学, 2020, 18(4): 73-83.
ZHANG Jialiang, SU Boru, WANG Yunqi, HU Bo, WANG Yujie, MA Chao, BAO Shengzhi. Dynamic changes of aggregate stability in yellow soil under acid rain wetting, Chongqing. SSWC, 2020, 18(4): 73-83.

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http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/10.16843/j.sswc.2020.04.009 或 http://journal12.magtechjournal.com/Jweb_stbc/CN/Y2020/V18/I4/73

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