Soil particle size distribution characteristics under different land use types in Yinghe Watershed of Funiu Mountain Area
FANG Xiaochen, WANG Chunhong, ZHANG Ronghua, ZHANG Guangcan, XING Xianshuang, YANG Rui, ZHAO Jie
1. The Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Ecological Restoration of Shandong Province, College of Forestry, Shandong Agricultural University, 271018, Tai'an, Shandong, China; 2. Water Resources and Hydropower Planning and Design General Institute, Ministry of Water Resources, 100120, Beijing, China; 3. Hydrographic Office of Shandong Province, 250002, Jinan, China
Abstract：[Background] The soil erosion of Funiu Mountain Area has been one of the most serious problems in Huaihe River Basin even rocky mountain areas of northern China. Sloping farmland is the main source of soil erosion which causes loss of fine particle, degradation of the soil structure and performance. The soil fractal theory has been an important method to quantify particle size distribution (PSD). In this paper, we explore the degradation degree of sloping farmland soil physical property with fractal theory in Funiu Mountain Area in Yinghe Watershed, Lushan County of Henan Province. [Methods] On the basis of small watershed investigation, we selected four land use types (five vegetation types) as research subjects and set sample plots. In every land use type plot, three temporary sample plots (20 m×20 m) were set to dig surface soil (0-20 cm) with 5-point sampling method. The soil from the same plot was well mixed to dry for the determination of particle size distribution. After the determination by the laser granulometer, the frequency distribution of volume of the soil particle (< 2 mm) under different land use types was obtained. Then we divided the volume of soil particle into 7 levels according to American standard:clay:<0.002 mm, silt:0.002-0.05 mm, very fine sand:0.05-0.1 mm, fine sand:0.1-0.25 mm, middle sand:0.25-0.5 mm, coarse sand:0.5-1.0 mm, very coarse sand:1-2 mm. By soil particle volume fractal model and general dimension spectrum, the fractal dimension Dv and multi-fractal parameter Dq were obtained. Among them, when q=0, 1, 2, the Dq is respectively D0, D1, D2. After the above method and comprehensive analysis, we studied the composition of soil particles size, variation of fractal dimension characteristic parameter and effect on PSD uniformity under four land use types. [Results] 1) The Dv was manifested as:the maximum was arbor forest (2.658), and the sloping farmland was the smallest one by 2.489. The multi-fractal parameters (D0, D1, D2) was manifested as:the maximum was arbor forest (0.941, 0.926, 0.91), and the sloping farmland was the smallest one by 0.927, 0.899, 0.849. All the fractal parameters were manifested as:sloping farmland < shrub-grass slope land and terraced land < arbor forest. 2) There were significant positive correlation between Dv, D0, D1, D2 and clay, silt volume fraction, and all of them had significantly negative correlations with sand volume fraction. [Conclusions] Soil fractal theory and multi-fractal theory can be used to quantitatively characterize differences of soil texture granularity distribution and heterogeneity; the coarse graining and heterogeneity of sloping farmland is higher than other land use types, the loss of soil fine particle (clay and silt) lead to the increase of degree of coarse graining and heterogeneity of sloping farmland.
水利部.《全国水土保持区划(试行)》的通知[EB/OL].[2016-12-22]. https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a7132100763231126edb11e0.html The Ministry of Water Resources of the People's Republic of China.《Division of soil and water conservation in the whole country (for Trial Implementation)》[EB/OL].[2016-12-22].https://wenku.baidu.com/view/a7132100763231126edb11e0.html
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2017, Vol. 15 
