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| Variation of runoff and sediment load in the mainstream of the Yellow River over the past 70 years |
| XIE Fabing1,2, ZHAO Guangju1,3, MU Xingmin1,3, GAO Peng1,3, SUN Wenyi1,3 |
1. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China;
2. The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 100049, Beijing, China;
3. State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, 712100, Yangling, Shaanxi, China |
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Abstract [Background] Runoff and sediment load play an important role in development and utilization of water resources, shaping the river morphology, maintaining river ecological system. The runoff and sediment load in the Yellow River have decreased greatly in the past several decades because of climate change and anthropogenic influences. Better understanding the spatial-temporal variation in runoff and sediment load and their relationship in the mainstream of the Yellow River can provide good reference for watershed management and soil and water conservation.[Methods] This study attempted to investigate the changes of runoff and sediment load at 6 hydrological stations along the mainstream of the Yellow River from 1950 to 2017. The linear-regression analysis, the non-parametric Mann-Kendall test, the accumulative annual anomaly, the flow-sediment curve and wavelet transform were employed for investigation.[Results] Annual runoff and sediment load at Tangnaihai station showed a non-significant downward trend, whereas annual runoff and sediment load at Lanzhou, Toudaoguai, Longmen, Huayuankou and Gaocun stations showed significant decreasing trends (P<0.05). The annual streamflow exhibited the most significant decrease at Gaocun station with average reduction rate of -5.12×108 m3/a, while the streamflow at Tangnaihai station showed gently decrease (-0.21×108 m3/a). Positive correlation between runoff and sediment load was examined at all the stations before 2000. A abrupt changes of annual runoff and sediment load were examined in 1985. A periodical fluctuation of 0.5-1, 3-5, and 7-9 years was detected before the 1990s. Flow-sediment curve showed that sediment supply from upstream of Toudaoguai station had increased 18.2% since 1986 due to severe siltation in the mainstream section of Ningxia and Inner Mongolia, but the sediment transport capacity had decreased 8.3%. The construction of Xiaolangdi Reservoir altered the exponential relationship between flow and sediment at its downstream stations(Huayuankou and Gaocun) after 2000.[Conculsions] Large-scale hydraulic projects, soil and water conservation and water withdrawal by agriculture and industry are the dominant causes for significant reduction in runoff and sediment load in the mainstream of the Yellow River.
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Received: 01 April 2020
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